In the current study, the possible curative effects of dimethylfumarate (DMF) on high-fat diet (HFD) and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ)-induced type 2 diabetes in rats were evaluated. Methods: T2DM was induced by feeding rats with HFD/25% fructose solution for 30 days followed by STZ (35mg/kg, i.p.), DMF effects were investigated on fasting blood glucose, insulin, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), insulin tolerance test (ITT), liver biomarkers, lipid profile, oxidative stress biomarkers, serum advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and its receptors (RAGE) in aorta. Additionally, the mRNA expression of hepatic insulin signalling pathway genes and aortic nitric oxide synthase3 (eNOS) and NADPH oxidase4 (NOX4) were determined. Results: Treatment with DMF for 30 days decreased fasting glucose, ameliorated insulin resistance, improved lipid profile, decreased liver enzymes activities in serum, reduced serum AGEs and aortic RAGE contents, decreased malondialdehyde content, increased superoxide dismutase activity in liver and aorta and increased the reduced glutathione content in liver. Additionally, the mRNA expression of hepatic insulin signalling pathway genes and aortic eNOS was elevated and the mRNA expression of NOX4 was decreased as a result of DMF treatment. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that DMF possess the potential ability to ameliorate type 2 diabetes in rats.

Keywords : Type 2 diabetes, dimethylfumarate, oxidative stress, streptozotocin, high fat diet, advanced glycation end products, insulin signalling pathway

Author : Marwa E. Abdelmageed; George S. Shehatou; Ghada M. Suddek and Hatem A. Salem

Title : Dimethylfumarate ameliorates high-fat diet/streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetes in liver and aorta of rats

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 1-14

Introduction: a novel semi-automated method for urine protein assay was introduced, validated and also analytical performance evaluation was conducted for the clinical laboratories practice. Materials and method: Introduced method was calibrated based on multipoint calibration with human based biochemistry calibrator. All of the method validation procedure was done according to the CLSI guidance. Finally, total error, sigma metric and performance of quality was evaluated. Results: Results indicate the good correlation with Biuret and pyrogallol-red methods in ranging from 0.33 to 6760 mg/dl. Method was linear up to 6760 mg/dl and was highly sensitive compared to pyrogallol-red method. Based on sigma scale, introduced method have good performance in broad measuring range and based on comparison practice, sigma was >6 in all decision levels for urine protein concentration. Conclusion: In conclusion, novel semi-automated method can be selected as preferred method in reference laboratory. Also, IVD manufacturers can use sigma scale results to improve diagnostic products.

Keywords : Urine protein, Quality control, CLSI, Total error, Sigma metric, IVD

Author : Reza Pahlavan Gharehbaba, Zahra Mehrabi, Seyed Mohammad Masoodian

Title : A novel semi-automated method for urine protein assay associated with calculation of sigma metric

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 15-28

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder which is increasing considerably throughout the world, and among this, the greatest number is from India which makes it to be called as diabetes capital of the world. A cross sectional descriptive study conducted in subjects of BMCH and AAMC Hospitals of Chitradurga taluk. Out of 120 subjects included in the study, 60 subjects are from BMCH and 60 subjects are from AAMC Hospitals. Samples are of between 21-60 aged male patients and a self-designed questionnaire has been filled and analyzed. Among 120 patients, 60 patients are Allopathic and 60 patients are Ayurvedic. In Allopathic, age between 31-40 (2nd Group) are high (32%) and in Ayurvedic, age between 41-50 (3rd Group) are high (62%).Prescription pattern is different in both Allopathic and Ayurvedic Medication, its dose is given according to the age and considering other diseases. Quality of Life is in three stages Better, Good, Bad. In Allopathic 80% patients are better and in Ayurvedic 65% patients are good. This study is essential to bring the awareness and knowledge regarding the prescription pattern and medication adherence of Allopathic and Ayurvedic medication for Type 2 DM patients.

Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus, Prescription Pattern, Medication Adherence

Author : Aanie C Justin, Akash Santhosh, Bharathi D R, Abubaker Siddiq

Title : A study on assessing the prescription pattern and medication adherence of allopathic and ayurvedic medication on type 2 DM patients

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 29-33

The aim of the present investigation is to prepare and evaluate raft forming systems of furosemide. Furosemide is a potent loop diuretic agent that comes under anthranilic acid derivative. Sodium alginate was used as the gelling agent, sodium bicarbonate and calcium carbonate were used as effervescent agents. For sustained release of drug, the polymers used were HPMC K15M, K100 and K200. The objectives are to sustain the drug release for 12 hours with floating characteristics of raft forming system. The results indicated that the raft strength, floating behaviour, drug release and other tableting characteristics of the optimized formulation are meeting the objectives.

Keywords : Furosemide, Raft forming systems, Tablets

Author : Yeruva S C Kesav Reddy, GSN Koteswara Rao, A Annapurna, K V Ramana Murthy

Title : Preparation and evaluation of raft forming systems of furosemide

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 34-39

Topical route of administration is the most convenient route for drug administration. In this route of administration increase the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic parameters. Fluconazole is an antifungal drug which belongs to the class second drug as per BCS. Fluconazole is a triazole derivative. Fluconazole available in the market different formulation tablet, capsules, gels, creams etc. Fluconazole is the broad-spectrum antifungal agent it is inhibits the fungal infections on the superficial layer of the skin. Topical drug delivery system is classified in gels, lotions, creams, ointment, topical powder, pastes, suppositories, paints and plasters etc. Creams are formulated by the oil in water and water in oil emulsion types of cream. This review focus on the comparative study of gel and cream formulation. Creams adhered to the upper layer of the skin and help to cure fungal infections. Skin is the most preferable route for the topical dosage forms and it is upgrade the bioavailability of the drug through, the bypass metabolism.

Keywords : Cream, Dosage forms, Epidermis, Gel, Skin, Topical drug delivery

Author : Mohd Vaseem Fateh, Gulafshan Parveen, Yusra Ahmad, Nishant Kumar, Navin C. Pant

Title : Topical drug delivery for treatment of fungal infection

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 40-46

In the midst of the progressing COVID-19 pandemic, India has seen a huge flood of cases in the previous 3 weeks. As of April 30, 33 610 affirmed cases and 1075 passings have been accounted for from 32 states/association domains in India. Aside from the cross country lockdown, India has expanded its testing rate and has particularly reinforced the medical care area to battle COVID-19.

Keywords : COVID-19, Medical Care, India

Author : Aysha Thasnim N.A., R. Shanmugasundaram

Title : Corona Pandemic in India: A Review

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 47-52

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that is characterized by hyperglycaemia, Ample no. of plants form different region of the world has been investigated for anti-diabetic effects. This review article is designed to report some of the most important medicinal plants with hypoglycaemic properties according to reliable clinical and laboratory evidence. In this review we evaluate the clinical and experimental literature on herb–drug interactions in the treatment of diabetes. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions between drugs and herbs are discussed, and some commonly used herbs which can interact with antidiabetic drugs are summarised. Herb–drug interactions can be a double-edged sword presenting both risks (adverse drug events) and benefits (through enhancement). There is a general lack of data on herb–drug interactions. As such, more rigorous scientific research is urgently needed to guide clinical practice.

Keywords : Combination therapy, Herbal, Pharmaceutical drugs

Author : Bhagyashree Pawar, Dipali Kulkarni, Vaishali Pardeshi, Sanjivani Pise, Preeti Gedam Shraddha Raut, Sonalika Suryavanshi, Laxman Bandgar, Darshana Sude

Title : Herbal Antidiabetic Drugs -Review

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 53-69

Research which concerns the effectiveness of probiotics has shown increasing interest based on the rise of the products, their publications and awareness to the public of their benefits. Probiotics have become increasingly popular over the last two decades for showing a promising desirable result on human health and animal health. Probiotics are defined as the microbial food supplements, which beneficially affect the host by improving its intestinal microbial balance. It has shown to enhance immunity and prevent cholesterol level, cancer, diarrhea, infection, peptic ulcer. In combination with probiotics, symbiotic have also used extensively. Synbiotics is defined as the term where probiotics and robotics are used in combination to give synergistic effect. In this review article various applications of probiotics have also been discussed which have benefitted the human lives.

Keywords : Probiotics, Prebiotics, Synbiotics, microorganisms, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Bifidobacterium

Author : Surabhi Yadav, Mohd Vaseem Fateh, Yusra Ahmad, Navin C. Pant, Mridul Bhardwaj

Title : Probiotics and its Health Benefits

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 70-74

The Ayurvedic medicinal plant has lesser side effects, safety for health and good therapeutic efficacy; they have used from ancient time in primary health care and chronic disease aliments. Manjishtha(Rubia cordifolia L.) belonging to Family Rubiaceae. It is commonly known as 'Indian Madder'.R. cordifolia is an old restorative plant which contains different pharmacological activities like Antiulcer Activity, Cardio protective activity, Anti-platelet activating effect, Diuretic Activity, Nephrotoxicity and wound mending property and its organic products has toxicological impacts. This investigation brings about an outline of pharmacological and traditional impacts of R. cordifolia.

Keywords : Rubia cordifolia Linn, Phytochemistry, Taxonomic Classification, Pharmacological Effects, Synonyms, Traditional uses

Author : Ankush Chauhan, Ajeet Pal Singh, Amar Pal Singh

Title : A Review on Pharmacological effects of Rubia cordifolia

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(4)

Page No : 75-78