The purpose of this study was to investigate chemical constituents and biological activity of different extracts on different human cell lines. The phytochemical investigation of whole parasitic Cuscuta campestris has led to the isolation and identification of β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), (1s,2s)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-1(3',4'-methylenedioxyphenyl) propane (3) isolated for first time from Cuscuta campestris, d-sesamin (4), oleanolic acid (5), linocinnamarin (6) isolated for first time from Cuscuta campestris, mixture of isomers of quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside and quercetin-3-O-β-D-galactoside (7,8), astragallin (9). The methylene chloride, petroleum ether and ethyl acetate fractions were tested against human lung cancer (A-549), human colorectal (cecum) cancer (LS-513), human cervical cancer (Hela), human ovarian cancer (SKOV-3), human bladder cancer (T-24) and human pancreatic cancer (PANC-1) by using SRB assay. The ethyl acetate and petroleum ether fractions showed moderate to week cytotoxic activities, but methylene chloride fraction showed strong cytotoxic activity on all tested cell lines.

Keywords : Cuscuta campestris; cytotoxic activities; SRB assay; phytochemical investigation

Author : Mai Salah Hendawy, Zain M. Naeem, Mohamed Farid Lahloub, and Mohamed M.A. Amer

Title : Chemical and Cytotoxic activities Study of Cuscuta campestris Yunck

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 72-80

The aim of these research to develop the fast dissolving tablet using natural superdisintegrant Plantago ovate (Psyllium husk) commonly known as isapghula husk because of its biodegradable and non toxic effects. The isapghula husk is widely available in local market at very low cost in the comparision with other synthetic superdisintegrants. The various optimization process is carried out like find out the optimum concentration of mannitol as a solubilizing agent, check out the activity of mucilage as disintegrating agent and Optimum concentration of mucilage as a super disintegrating agent and it was concluded that higher dissolution of tablet could be obtained when mucilage concentration is 10% and also the mannitol concentration was 10%. To study the effect of process parameters on release behavior of Nimesulide fast dissolving tablets the various parameters were selected for study like Effect of mixing time, Effect of tablet thickness, Effect of solvent for the precipitation of mucilage, Effect of boiling time and the results showed that all optimized parameters were precise and they showed good results cumulatively. On comparing the results with selected batch M5, the physical parameters, micromeritic properties and in-vitro drug release study was done.

Keywords : FDDTs, Natural superdisintegrants, Plantago ovata, novel drug delivery system, Nimesulide, Mucilage

Author : Sharma Kumar Satish and Tanwar Y.S

Title : Formulation and optimization of nimesulide fast dissolving tablet by using mucilage

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 81-90

Lactoferrin is one of the glycoproteins from the transferrin family which binds Fe3+ ion. Lactoferrin is found in mammalian milk but the camel milk has greater quantity of lactoferrinin compared with other livestock species. Lactoferrin strengthens the immune system by protecting the host cells against bacterial and viral infections and inflammations. Activation, proliferation and regulation of the phagocytic action of immune cells are also facilitated by the lactoferrin. The antiviral actions of lactoferrin are against both DNA and RNA viruses and it inhibits viral adhesion and entry into cells and binds viral particles. Generally, camel milk lactoferrin may directly interact with viral molecules or with the viral receptor (heparan sulfate) on the cellular surfaces to prevent the virus attachment and infection. The boosting host immune system by nutritional supplements such as lactoferrin may work against SARS-CoV-2 entry and infection into the host cells. Because of the homology in genetic sequence and receptor binding domain between SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, lactoferrin may inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 invasion in the same way to SARS-CoV, via binding to heparan sulfate and prevent the viral infections and epidemic. Keeping in view this fact that lactoferrin can modulate immune responses to viral infections; it may reduce severe infections. Milk lactoferrin (in particular camel milk with the highest amount of lactoferrin) as powder or tablets may be a novel promising candidate and preventative treatment for more severe cases of COVID-19. However, it needs more studies on the unique medicinal effects of camel milk lactoferrin to verify its efficacy on COVID-19 prevention and treatment.

Keywords : Camel milk, Lactoferrin, COVID-19, Anti-viral

Author : Tahereh Mohammadabadi and Tanveer Hussain

Title : Is camel milk lactoferrin effective against COVID-19?

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 91-97

Natural products with medicinal value are gradually gaining importance in clinical research due to their well-known property of no side effects as compared to drugs. The roots and stem contain several secondary metabolites having curative properties. The plant is genetically diverse, containing different active components, including steroids, aliphatics, alkaloids, glycosides, and diterpenoid lactones. These active compounds are distributed over all parts of the plant, such as the root and stem. T. cordifolia is widely used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine in India. It has shown great potential for the development of biopharmaceutical products for the treatment of various diseases. The plant bears various antioxidants, antidiabetic, antiallergic, anticancerous and many more properties that make them a topic of great importance & interest.

Keywords : Taxonomical classification, Golancha, Tippateege, Cordifolia, berberine, Seenthil choornam, Epoxyclerodane diterpene

Author : Ravindra Vilas Walunjkar, Aparna Changdev Jagtap

Title : One of the herbal drug Tinospora cordifolia (GILOY): A systemic review

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 98-101

Depression is a state of feeling sad it is also as a psychoneutric disorder characterized by mental and functional activity and generation of suicidal tendencies. This study to develop a herbal anti-depressant formulation with a less adverse effect and to relative the symptoms of depression. Study of crude drugs under pharmacognostical schemes involves its depression. Method: Herbal tablet will be made using direct compression method. The plant used in herbal formulation Brahmi, Ocimum sanctum, Ashwagandha, extract was mixed with the excipients and compression in to tablet. Result:- To formulate a tablet dosage form with the help of herbal extract with good efficacy. Conclusion:-Newer medication and better facilities, treating depression. Patients with major depression have symptoms that reflect changes in brain monoamine neurotransmitters, specifically norepinephrine, serotonin and dopamine. According to a world health report about 450 million people suffer from a mental or behavioral disorder, yet only a small proportion of them received even the basic treatment.

Keywords : Depression, Neurotransmitter, Ocimum sanctum, Brahmi, Ashwagandha, Antidepressant

Author : Kajal Patel and Prof. Dr. Sweety Lanjhiyana

Title : Develop and evaluate herbal antidepressant formulation

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 102-107

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease (the body’s immune system attacks it’s own tissue, including joints) over longer periods of time, can cause bone erosion and joint deformity. RA occurs in about 5 per 1000 people. At present any patients with clinical synovitis in at least one joint may have definite RA, requiring aggressive treatment if it is untreated or unaddressed it leads to complications such as permanent joint damage requiring arthroplasty, rheumatoid vasculitis, and syndrome requiring splenectomy. Here, we present brief summary of the treatment modalities to address the complications associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis.

Keywords : Rheumatoid Arthritis; Splenectomy; Arthroplasty

Author : Konda Ravi Kumar, Sura Srivardhini, B. Sai Keerthana

Title : An over view of rheumatoid arthritis

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 108-116

Lozenges are palatable solid unit dosage form administer in oral cavity. Lozenges have been in use since 20th century and are still in commercial production. The lozenges are solid medicated, flavored and sweetened base dosage forms intended to be sucked and hold in the mouth/pharynx. The benefits of the medicated lozenges is they increase the retention time of the dosage form in oral cavity which increases bioavailability, reduces gastric irritation and bypasses first pass metabolism. Different types of lozenges available in market are caramel based medicated lozenges, compressed tablet lozenges, hard lozenges and soft lozenges and their methods of preparation along with ingredients used in their preparation are discussed. Lozenges have bright future as a novel method of delivering drugs for local action and systemic effect in the oral cavity. The present review covers more or less all aspects associated with lozenges and also throws light on the application of lozenges. It includes various researches till date, formulation and evaluation parameters, packaging and applications of lozenges.

Keywords : Lozenges, Troches, Local and Systemic delivery, Pastilles, Excipients

Author : Darade Ashwini D

Title : Medicated Lozenges: An Updated Review

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 117-124

The aim of the present study is to formulate Sustained release tablets of elvitegravir solid dispersions. The enhancement of oral bioavailability of poorly water soluble drugs like Elvitegravir could be improved by enhancing aqueous solubility. Among numerous ways of enhancing drug dissolution, solid dispersions and inclusion complexation are promising techniques to enhance the dissolution of poorly water soluble drugs. The calibration curve of Elvitegravir was obtained in the range of 2-10 µg/mL at the wavelength of 313 nm. It has shown good linearity with a regression coefficient of 0.999 (r2 value). This result exhibit a direct relationship between concentration of polymers and drug release. Among the various formulations tablets of batch E2 prepared with 40mg Guar gum showed complete release of drug within 24 hrs.

Keywords : Elvitegravir, solid dispersions, Sustained release tablets, Guar gum

Author : Sandhya Banda, G.S. Sharma, B. Rajkamal, B. Rama, L. Jyothi Rani

Title : Formulation development and in-vitro evaluation of elvitegravir loaded solid dispersions to sustained release tablets

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 125-130

Quetiapine fumarate is a second-generation atypical antipsychotic used in schizophrenia, major depression, and bipolar disorder. As biological half life of drug is 6-7 hrs and that is why frequent dosing is require. To overcome with these problems, Nanoparticles of Quetiapine fumarate were formulated by using Ethyl Cellulose, HPMC K4M & Chitosan as a polymer by emulsification method. Among all the 12 formulations QF11 formulation is optimized, as it shows maximum drug release at the end of 12hrs which suits the controlled release drug delivery system criteria as per our studies, having acceptable particle size, SEM and Zeta potential value. From the drug release kinetics of QF11 formulation of Quetiapine fumarate Nanoparticles dispersion it was concluded that the QF11 formulation follows Zero order drug release with super case II transport mechanism.

Keywords : Quetiapine fumarate, Nanoparticles, particle size, SEM and Zeta potential

Author : Bheemshetty Priyanka, G.S. Sharma, B. Rajkamal, B. Rama, L. Jyothi Rani

Title : Formulation and evaluation of nanoparticles by emulsification method

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 131-136

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Vilanterol trifinatate and Umeclidinium bromide in dosage form. Chromatogram was run through symmetry C18 (150 x 4.6 mm, 5n). Mobile phase containing Water: Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 65:35 was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1.0ml/min. Retention time of Vilanterol trifinatate and Umeclidinium bromide were found to be 2.96 min and 2.315 min. %RSD of the Vilanterol trifinatate and Umeclidinium bromide were and found to be 1.0 and 0.6 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 101.8% and 99.78% for Vilanterol trifinatate and Umeclidinium bromide respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Vilanterol trifinatate and Umeclidinium bromide Vilanterol were 0.54, 0.18 and 0.16, 0.05 respectively. Regression equation of Vilanterol trifinatate is y = 9969.6x +1935.1 and y =9122.6x + 6120.9 of Umeclidinium bromide. Retention times were decreased and that run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.

Keywords : Vilanterol trifinatate, Umeclidinium bromide, RP-HPLC

Author : G. Indira Priyadarshini, N. Naga Udayasri, M. Lakshmi Sowmya and Nagaraju Pappula

Title : Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation for the simultaneous determination of vilanterol trifinatate and umeclidinium bromide in bulk and pharmaceutical dosage forms

Volume/Issue : 2021;9(2)

Page No : 137-143