This study aim to formulation and characterization of Abelmoschus Esculentus and Plantago Ovata mucilage based oral thin film of ketorolac tromethamine by solvent casting method. The films were prepared using film forming polymer, HPMC E15, natural polysaccharide Abelmoschus Esculentus and Plantago Ovata mucilage as disintegrants, and plasticizer, pprropylene glycol 400. Ketorolac tromethamine is used as a peripheral analgesic for short term therapy, also exhibits anti-inflammatory and antipyretic activity. It undergoes rapid and complete first pass metabolism following oral administration upto 80%, resulting in reduced systemic bioavailability. Hence to overcome first pass metabolism and to have quick onset of action for better therapeutic efficacy, ketorolac tromethamine is an ideal drug candidate to formulate into oral thin films that might improve the therapeutic profile.. The disintegration time of optimized formulation was found to be 16 ± 1.25 seconds and dissolution studies of optimized formulation showed cumulative percentage drug released of 98.33±1.28 (n=6) at 8 minutes which is just half time than fast dissolving tablets. Disintegration time of natural disintegrants in combination was found to be good than natural disintegrant alone, synthetic disintegrant and combination of natural and synthetic disintregent.

Keywords : Fast dissolving films; Ketorolac tromethamine; Plantago Ovata; Abelmoschus Esculentus; Solvent casting method

Author : Shristi Shrestha, Uttam Budhathoki and Rajan Shrestha

Title : Preparation and Evaluation of Oral Thin films of Ketorolac Tromethamine using mucilage from Abelmuchus Esculentus and Plantago Ovata

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 74-83

Corona (COVID-19) has affected the lives of 39.4 million people worldwide (WHO,2020). Post the COVID-19 lockdown imposed on March 25, 2020 in India, colleges and universities shifted to online classes so that students could continue their education without abberations. Social isolation as a result of the lockdown along with uncertainties about the future added to the mental distress of the students along with a decline in their quality of life. In this study, we wanted to study the effect of COVID-19 on the student’s mental health and their quality of life. N=292 students of Government medical college, Amritsar took a survey administered online. The survey comprised of questionnaires adapted from the WHOQOL-BREF, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale and Beck Depression Inventory. The results revealed that about 43% males and 48% females experienced a decline in quality of life. 21% males and 27% females experienced anxiety. Approximately, 15% males and 18% females experienced symptoms of depression. COVID-19 caused distress in the lives of these students but a larger sample size is needed to enhance the generalizability of these results. Moreover, extensive psychiatric evaluations could be conducted to understand the extent of the distress on mental health.

Keywords : anxiety, depression, COVID-19, corona virus

Author : Kudrat Pannu, Mandeep Randhawa, Lalnun Siami, Jasmeet Singh, Inderpal Kaur

Title : Affect of COVID-19 on mental well-being and quality of life of medical students – A cross sectional study

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 84-88

Rivea hypocrateriformis is herb, which is traditionally used to cure various diseases. It contains flavonoids, tannins and phenolic compounds, which act as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral and antibacterial activities. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the objective of evaluating the anti-arthritic activity and antioxidant property of extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis. Extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis was prepared and analyse the antioxidant and antiarthritic activity by in-vitro model. The results obtained from DDPH method has been observed, IC50 of EERH was found TO be 71.25µg/ml, this study showed that the extract has a significant free radical scavenging activity. According to hydrogen peroxide scavenging method IC50 of EERH was 112.79µg/ml. Since phenolic compounds present in the plant extract are good electron donor, they may accelerate the conversion of hydrogen peroxide to water. It has been reported that the inhibition of protein denaturation by EERH was may be due to the presence of Flavanoids and tannins. The EERH showed 98.71% inhibition.

Keywords : Rivea hypocrateriformis, Antioxidant, Anti-arthritic activity, 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), Ethanolic extract of Rivea hypocrateriformis (EERH)

Author : Shanthini Nachiar G, Pallavi Pal, Mayuri Mishra

Title : Antioxidant and Antiarthritic Activity of Plant Rivea Hypocrateformis by in-vitro Methods

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 89-95

The present article deals with the documentation of tribal knowledge on ethnobotanicals in Senapati district of Manipur in North East India. An attempt has been made to document wild edibles enumerating botanical name, habit, part(s) use and method use for either as food or for emergency care in survival situations. A total of 63 species of plants recorded herein, of which, most of them are consumed as vegetables, either raw or cooked, few as thirst quencher, and medicine.

Keywords : Wild edibles; Vegetable; Fruit; Remedy

Author : Nakhuru Khonamai Sewa, Ajitabh Bora, Jayshree Das and Sanjai Kumar Dwivedi

Title : Ethnobotanicals of Senapati District of Manipur in North East India

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 96-101

A high performance liquid chromatographic strategy for the assessment of Terbinafine HCl from formulation was created. Terbinafine HCl was chromatographed on a BDS Hypersil C18 column 150 cm long and having an inner measurement of 4.6 mm. Mobile phase involving Mobile phase A - Buffer of K2HPO4, Mobile phase B of Methanol, Mobile phase C of Acetonitrile within the volume proportion of 15:35:50. The pH of the buffer adjusted to7.5. The detection was carried out using an ultraviolet detector set at a wavelength of 223 nm. The technique was extended for the stability studies of Terbinafine HCl.

Keywords : Terbinafine HCL, Stability Studies, HPLC

Author : Byasabhusan Das, Paul Richards M., B. A. Vishwanath, Suchitra D., Najma Amreen

Title : Stability indicating RP-HPLC method development and validation of Terbinafine in pure and pharmaceutical formulations

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 102-106

Indian kitchen is store house of spices and food items. Spices are those substances which give elegance, flavour and taste to the food. India is the largest producer of spices due to the presence of various climatic conditions. The spices which are available in kitchen have medicinal importance in alternate systems of medicine, particularly in Ayurveda. Consider the case of curry leaves which are used as flavoring agent in preparation of food possess antidiabetic, hypolipidemic, antioxidant properties, antibacterial and antifungal activities. Mustard seeds have antimicrobial, antifungal and antioxidant activities. Chilli powder which is used in preparation of curries by Indians has the antimicrobial activity. The nutritive items which are widely used by Indians include jaggery, honey and ghee. Cow Ghee has nootropic effect when given as panchagavyaghrita. It also shows antiepileptic and anti allergic effects. Honey possesses antibacterial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Most of the spices used in Indian kitchen are useful as medicaments in alternate systems of medicine like Ayurveda. They serve as simple home remedies for the management of various disorders and diseases. This work has aimed to make a review on Indian kitchen ingredients, their nutritional values and medicinal uses.

Keywords : Indian kitchen, Spices, Ayurvedic remedies, Drugs of alternate systems, Home remedies

Author : P. Bhavya Sree, B. Renuka Swathi, M. Manoj Kumar

Title : Indian kitchen- A repository of medicines in a house

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 107-117

Introduction: Telemedicine is defined as clinical practice for diagnosis, review and management through synchronous or asynchronous way and through telecommunication. It signifies the use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) to improve patient outcome by increasing access to care and medical information and helps to provide timely information and consultation to patients in remote areas. Telemedicine make use of electronic communication mainly video conferencing. It is used as a tool for improving healthcare in future which promotes Health Care Providers (HCP)- patient interaction. Methodology: Various articles were reviewed to measure the views of both patients as well as physicians towards telemedicine. Observation: Advantages of telemedicine include avoidance of travelling. Thus, it lowers expenses, provides convenience and reduces the number of hospital stay. Telemedicine programs are used in the area of psychology, dermatology, radiology, etc. but disappointingly it had to be limited due to the lack of staffs. It plays an important role in ensuring regular medical advices to patients with chronic ailments mainly in developing countries. Majority poses positive views regarding telemedicine services but most of the people are unable to accept diversion from face to face interaction and poses a misbelief that use of artificial intelligence (AI) in the field of health care is not as effective as traditional method.

Keywords : Telemedicine, Health Care Providers, Chronic ailments, Remote areas, Artificial intelligence

Author : Gowri Parvathy S.R, Chitra C. Nair, Asheeta A, Hima C.S, Beena M.I

Title : Telemedicine in health care setting: A review

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 118-121

Drug repurposing is a revolutionary method, as it offers new labels for already licensed and proven drugs. Drug repurposing has the potential to furnish new therapeutic alternatives for patients, deliver relevant clinical improvements while reducing the clinical development time of molecules in contrast to the de novo development of a new chemical entity, offering an economic merit by reducing the development times of medicines, but also by optimizing affordable medicines of high quality such as generic medicine. Owing to high cost and failure rates associated with conventional drug manufacturing methods, many pharmaceutical firms concentrate primarily on drug repurposing strategies. This review addresses the advantageous effects of the available approved medication compounds that can be used as repurposed medications for the treatment of other disease or condition such as cancer, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, depression, Parkinsonism and schizophrenia.

Keywords : Drug repurposing, Cancer, Respiratory diseases, Tuberculosis, Neurological diseases

Author : Adithya K.L., R. Sambath Kumar, N. Venkateswaramurthy

Title : Exploring repurposed drugs in the treatment of various diseases

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 122-134

The development of any pharmaceutical dosage forms starts with the Preformulation studies; Preformulation studies focuses on the physicochemical properties of drug candidate that could affect the drug performance and can define various critical attributes in development of potential dosage form. Out of the various parameters considered in Preformulation studies, solubility remains the most important aspect when it comes to the lower bioavailability of the drug candidate. Out of the all NCE’s 40% of the drug candidates lacks the solubility which potentially accelerate the need of solubility enhancement of the drug. Many attempts and practices have made in order to increase solubility of the drug which involves use of certain organic solvents, some mechanical processes, Co-solvency approach etc. Green chemistry is a sustainable chemistry which is used in product or processes that will eliminate the use and generation of hazardous products. Microwave technique generally required no use of any solvents or any mechanical process, in this review article an attempt was made to enlighten the potential use of microwave technique which can be utilized in pharmaceutical industry.

Keywords : Preformulation, Solubility, Microwave technique, solid dispersion, Green chemistry

Author : Sohail Y. Sayyed and Khitija P. Deshmukh

Title : Microwave energy a novel approach in solubility enhancement: A review

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 135-140

Eplerenone is a steroidal anti-mineralocorticoid of the spirolactone group that is used as an adjunct in the management of chronic heart failure and high blood pressure, particularly for patients with resistant hypertension due to elevated aldosterone. The present work is to develop and evaluation of press coated tablets of Eplerenone by using polymers like Ethyl cellulose, HPMC. From the reproducible results obtained from the executed trails of core and press coated tablets it can be concluded that F6 of core tablet and E2F6 of press coated tablet were maintained lag phase upto 6hrs and brust release was at 7th hr and followed by maximum release at the end of 8th hr, so it is selected as optimized formulations for designing Pulsatile device. Therefore the study proved that coated Eplerenone can be successfully used as a time dependent modified Chronopharmaceutical formulation.

Keywords : Eplerenone, Sodium starch glycolate, Ethyl cellulose, HPMC

Author : Vandlakonda Suresh Goud, GS Sharma, B Rajkamal

Title : Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of pulsatile drug delivery system for eplerenone

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 141-146

The present investigation aimed at enhancing the oral bioavailability of Dasatinib by improving its solubility and dissolution rate by preparing nanosuspensions. The nanosuspensions of Dasatinib were prepared using emulsification solvent evaporation method by Poloxamer, PVA & Tween 80. Various formulation as well as process parameters were optimized in order to achieve desirable size and saturation solubility. Characterization of the prepared nanosuspension was done with respect to particle size, zeta potential, saturation solubility, dissolution rate, morphology study (SEM), in-vitro dissolution study. From invitro drug release studies, F9 formulation containing PVA & tween 80 (0.2mL) is considered as optimized formulation as it shows drug release with in 45minutes, while all the remaining formulations shows drug release at 60min and follows first order kinetics. Nanosuspension seems to be a promising approach for bioavailability enhancement because of the simple method of its preparation and its universal applicability.

Keywords : Dasatinib, Poloxamer, PVA, Tween 80

Author : Nitin Kumar Sharma, B. Ravindra Babu, Swapna Velivela

Title : Develop oral suspension of dasatinib by solvent evaporation method using various stabilizers and surfactants such as poloxamer, tween 80 and PVA

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 147-151

COVID-19 has been reported in over 4.1 million people worldwide as of May 11, 2020 and has resulted in more than 2,83,000 deaths. As of June 6, globally 66,63,304 confirmed cases and 3,92,802 deaths. More than 180 countries on all continents except Antarctica have reported laboratory-confirmed cases of COVID-19. Unlike SARS-CoV, however, which infected just 8,000 people worldwide in 8 months, the new SARS-CoV-2, estimated to be up to 1,000 times more infectious than SARS-CoV or other coronaviruses, has already infected more than 1,20,000 people worldwide in under three months. Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine) is a serotonin derivative bioactive molecule released from the pineal gland in the brain with an array of health-promoting properties. Melatonin slows and inhibits thymic involution, and promotes thymocyte regeneration and indirectly regulates the expression of ACE2, a key entry receptor involved in human coronavirus virus infection, like 2019-nCoV / SARS-CoV-2. Melatonin can act as a hormone, paracrine, autocrine or tissue factor to coordinate immune system function. Although melatonin has various properties in different cells of the body, it actively involved in reducing viral infections.

Keywords : Melatonin, SARS-CoV, Viral diseases, Melatonin receptors

Author : Dona Thomas, Sumitha S. K, Venkateswaramurthy N

Title : Melatonin as an add on therapy for SARS CoV-19 pandemic

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 152-161

Being the top most cause of death, ovarian cancer is the leading cancer in women worldwide. Current diagnostic procedures and treatment options such as chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery have shown potential applications. However, non-specific biodistribution, drug resistance and relapse are limiting factors of current therapy. Moreover, lack of effective drug carrier pauses a limit towards efficacy of chemotherapeutic drug. Thus there is an unmet need for developing an effective drug delivery system which not only can eradicate cancer cells but also should not harm the normal cells of the body. Novel drug delivery systems such as liposomes, nanoparticles, dendrimers and micelles have been explored widely to deliver an anti-cancer drug to the site of action effectively. Additionally, surface decorated nano formulations have shown beneficial effects in ovarian cancer therapy in pre-clinical as well as clinical trials. In this brief review, challenges and advances in development of novel drug delivery systems have been discussed as a promising alternative tool for ovarian cancer therapy.

Keywords : Ovarian cancer, target based therapy, active targeting

Author : Harsh Trivedi, Devanshi Patel, Nandish Pathak

Title : Challenges and future Research in ovarian cancer therapy: A brief Insight

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 162-166

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine in Tablet dosage form. Chromatogram was run through Agilent C18 (4.6 x 150mm, 5µm) Mobile phase containing Buffer 50% OPA: 50% Acetonitrile was pumped through column at a flow rate of 1 ml/min. Temperature was maintained at 30°C. Optimized wavelength selected was 257 nm. Retention time of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine were found to be 2.399 min and 2.853 min. %RSD of the Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine were and found to be 0.8 and 1.6 respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.06% and 100.16% for Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Dolutegravir and Rilpivirine were 1.08, 3.26 and 0.56, 1.69 respectively. Regression equation of Dolutegravir is y = 11916x + 4431., and y =208758x + 2773. of Rilpivirine. Retention times were decreased and that run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control test in Industries.

Keywords : Rilpivirine, HPLC, ICH Guidelines

Author : R. Bhavani and T. Ram Mohan Reddy

Title : Method development and validation for simultaneous estimation of rilpivirine and doultegravir by using RP – HPLC method in bulk dosage form

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(12)

Page No : 167-175