The In vitro drug release test of venlafaxine HCl 75 mg pellets capsule extended released available in Karachi Pakistan was the main aim of our study. Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules for oral administration contain a novel antidepressant venlafaxine hydrochloride for the management of major depressive disorder Venlafaxine hydrochloride extended-release capsules is indicated. The evaluation test contain weight variation test, disintegration test and dissolution test(drug released test for 2 hours ,4 hours, 8 hours 12 hours and 20 hours) in specific dissolution medium demonstrated in pharmacopeia. All test results were comes out in a limits described in pharmacopeia.

Keywords : Venlafaxine HCl, pellets, extended release, antidepresent drug release, invitro study.

Author : Samina Alam, Huma Dilshad, Fouzia Shoaib, Asma Imran

Title : Invitro comparative study of venlafaxine HCl 75 mg capsules (extended released) available in the urban Karachi, Pakistan

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 77-81

This study presents the detailed Macro and microscopical evaluation of leaves of crude drug Uraria picta belonging to family Leguminosae, Papilionaceae. The study was help to identify and establish the authenticity of Uraria picta. The parameters also help to standardize the crude drug and minimize the drug adulteration. The quality control parameters for the crude drugs as raw materials were established with the help of several official determinations based on morphology and microscopy studies. These studies were aimed at ensuring standardization of herbal drug under investigation. Morphological examination of drugs refers to evaluation of drugs by colour, odour, taste, size, shape and special features, like touch, texture etc. All these parameters were recorded for leaves, root, stem, fruit and seed of the plant Uraria picta. These were helpful in primary identification of Uraria picta. Paracytic type stomata and curve apex covering trichomes, a dense reticulate venation pattern, spongy mesophyll are the differential character, Calcium oxalate crystals of prismatic and rhomboidal shape, types are fairly abundant in the leaf which is the identification characters.

Keywords : Uraria picta, Prishnaparni, Herbal drugs, Microscopy, Macroscopy

Author : Dr. Vijay D. Gulkari, Vidya S. Kukde

Title : Pharmacognostic studies of leaves, roots, stem, and fruits of Uraria picta

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 82-95

Background: There is a strong relationship between Hypertension (HTN) and Chronic kidney Disease (CKD) .The study aims in assessing the use of antihypertensive in CKD patients. Objective: to observe and analyze the use of antihypertensive for patients undergoing dialysis and to find the prevalence of hypertension in CKD patients along with intradialytic complications. Methodology: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of nephrology in BGS Gleneagles Hospital and Excel Care Hospital, Bengaluru for a period of 6 months. Results: A total of 123 patients consisting of 85 male (69.10%) and 38 female (30.89%) were enrolled .The most commonly prescribed drugs are Calcium Channel Blockers (CCB) 82(74.54%) and Beta blockers 59(53.63%) and followed by other antihypertensives. The prevalence of HTN in CKD was found to be 95.93%. Fluid overload status 16(13%), hypotension 5(4.06%), hypertension 04(3.25%), breathlessness 3(2.43%), pain at fistula site 02(1.62%), hypoglycemia 02(1.62%), abdominal pain 02(1.62%), weakness, itching and cramps 3(2.43%), and chills, fever and body pains 02(1.62%) were the intradialytic complications observed. Conclusion: From the present study it can be concluded that CCBs are the most commonly prescribed class of antihypertensive. The prevalence of hypertension in CKD seems to follow an increasing trend with increasing age. Special consideration is required for the diagnosis and management of intradialytic complications because such complications could be managed successfully without the need for termination of the dialysis procedure.

Keywords : Hypertension, CKD, Intradialytic complication, Antihypertensive medications.

Author : Mullapudi Gnana Deepika, Gopavaram Lalasa, Sandra Nirosha, Karthik MN, Apoorva Dev

Title : A multicentered study on management of hypertension and use of antihypertensives for patients undergoing hemodialysis

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 96-101

There is novel preparation of nanoparticle for targeted delivery of methotrexate. The drug of choice for the treatment of Psoriasis. We find very enchanted result of the prepared formulation that is very high stable and very less toxic as earlier pure methotrexate and our study reveals that the dose reduction and targeted therapy have very great importance in managing psoriasis. The stability was good as we find from the study and nanogel was followed sustained release pattern of the nanogel with good spreadability and intrinsic homogeneity. Moreover, if we discuss about the various parameters performed in the research such as particle size and zeta potential then these both of the tests give the information about better ADME and confirm the delivery potential respectively. Entrapment efficiency is needed to know the exact amount of drug contained or engulfed by the nanoparticle. The current research focused on the nano formulation to treat the Psoriasis for better drug release with less toxicity.

Keywords : Psoriasis, Methotrexate, chitosan, Optimization, Nanoparticles.

Author : Kuldeep Shukla, Bhuwanendra Singh

Title : Preparation and Evaluation of Nanogel Attached Through Methotrexate for Managing Psoriasis

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 102-108

Hyper androgenic anovulation (HA) is also called as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It concerned with the monthly cycle abnormalities, hyperandrogenism and obesity. The functioning of HA remains unclear, but basic imperfections in the hypothalamus pituitary axis, insulin secretion and action of ovarian function. The clinical symptoms highlighted by the HA patient was obesity, acne, hirsutism, infertility and irregular menstrual cycle. Above 50% of patients develop diabetes, heart attack, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, anxiety, depression, endometrial cancer and sleep apnea after HA was diagnosed. It affects the patient’s quality of life and resulted in emotional disorder and psychological problems. The physical health, mental health and social health of HA patient were totally affected. So the study concluded that the patients with PCOS are more prone to depression and anxiety which affects the quality of life. Weight loss and dietary management have been improved the ovulation and insulin sensitivity in PCOS patient. So early clinical intervention in PCOS patient and psychological supports will improve the patient mental health and quality of life.

Keywords : Anxiety, Depression, Hyperandrogenism, Infertility, Obesity

Author : Sathyapriya K and Mebin Alias

Title : Review on Mental health illness in patient with hyper androgenic anovulation

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 109-114

The plant of Euphorbia humifusa was evaluated for anthelmintic activity using adult earthworm. The plant was dried for few days in sunlight and made into powder using grinder. The successive extraction of the drug powder was done by using solvent in the sequence of increasing polarity using Soxhlet apparatus. Anthelmintic activity was performed by pin-prick method and inhibition of spontaneous paralysis was observed. With the higher doses of 40 mg/ml of extracts of (Pet. Ether, Chloroform and Methanol). The effects were comparable with Albendazole. However, there was no final recovery in case of worms treated with extracts as well as Albendazole

Keywords : Phytochemical Screening, Medicinal plants, Euphorbia humifusa

Author : Gomase Pravin V, Shaikh Jishan, Shaikh Maaz, Shaikh Mujeeb, Mansuri Ramjan

Title : Pharmacognostic evaluation and Anthelminitic activity of different extracts of Euphorbia humifusa

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 115-120

Drug absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is a highly variable process. Floating Microspheres are promises to be a potential approach for gastric retention enhances the bioavailability and controlled delivery of various therapeutic agents. Gastro retentive floating microspheres are low density systems that have sufficient buoyancy to float over gastric contents and remain and remain in stomach for prolonged period. The drug is released slowly at desired rate resulting in increased gastric retention with reduced fluctuations in plasma drug concentration. Floating microspheres to improve patient compliance by decreasing dosing frequency, better therapeutic effect of short half-life drugs can be achieved. Enhanced absorption of drugs which solubilise only in stomach, gastric retention time is increased because of buoyancy. Floating microspheres are prepared by solvent diffusion and solvent evaporation methods to create the hollow inner core. In the present review preparation, methods, characterization, advantages, mechanism of drug release from microspheres, list of polymers, applications and list of drugs formulated as floating microspheres are discussed.

Keywords : Floating Microspheres, Gastro Retention, Short half- life drugs and Solvent Diffusion.

Author : Pooja M, Venkateswara Rao Sadhu, Padmalatha Katamaneni

Title : Gastro retentive floating microspheres: A review

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 121-126

A DNA sequence is a scientific instrument used to automate the DNA sequencing process. Given a sample of DNA, a DNA sequence is used to determine the order of the four bases: G (guanine), C (cytosine), A (adenine) and T (thymine). DNA can be sequenced by a chemical procedure that breaks a terminally labelled DNA molecule partially at each repetition of a base. DNA sequencing is very significant in research and forensic science. The main objective of DNA sequence generation method is to evaluate the sequencing with very high accuracy and reliability. DNA sequencing can solve a lot of problems and perform a lot of work for human wellfare A sequencing can be done by different methods. Automated DNA sequencing is based on usage of flouroscent label and takes less time. Ion torrent semiconductor sequencing is based on the release of hydrogen ions and the pH of the solution lowers. Shot gun sequencing is used for larger fragments of DNA and it is widely used during human genome project. This article provides a comprehensive overview on DNA sequencing techniques in bioanalysis.

Keywords : DNA sequencing, radioactive, human genome

Author : Sridhar Siddiraju, Nishita Thota

Title : A short review on DNA sequencing techniques

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 127-130

Clinical trials are a set of tests in medical research and drug development that generate safety and efficacy data for health interventions in human beings. Clinical trial may occur in several different phases where the drugs are developed in several different phases to meet the multiple objectives in the safest, most efficient manner. The results from these trials are translated in the humans in a cautious manner that form the basis of clinical pharmacology which deals with Drug input, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, Pharmacogenetics, Pharmacogenomics, Factors affecting Drug response and finally the toxicity and side effects. This article describes the phases of clinical trials & clinical drug development process.

Keywords : Clinical trials, Drug, Pharmacokinetics

Author : Sridhar Siddiraju, Tamanna Mohanty

Title : A short review on clinical trials in drug development

Volume/Issue : 2020;8(6)

Page No : 131-135