Renowned academician Prof. Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen has completed his B.Sc. (Hons) (1987) from Patna University, Patna & B.Pharm. (Hons) (1992), M.Pharm. (1994) & Ph.D. (2001) from Jadavpur University, Calcutta and now working as a professor of pharmaceutical chemistry at Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat. Prof. Sen as head of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Shri Sarvajanik Pharmacy College, Mehsana, Gujarat has more than 15 years of teaching experience and 6 years of research experience as senior research fellow in pharmaceutical and chemical science, has published 256 articles in national and international peer-reviewed journals of high impact factor and editorial board member/advisor of 40 international peer-reviewed journals. He is the author of 160 abstracts of national/international conferences and also the author of 16 books. He has guided 42 MPharm research projects and 33 BPharm elective projects and guided 2 PhD projects. He is also the paper setter & examiner of 10 Indian universities for B.Pharm., M.Pharm. & Ph.D. He is also the recipient of 23 awards of hallmark of excellence in his running academic career both form India and abroad. Prof. Sen, the Chartered Chemist (2005) from Royal Society of Chemistry, UK is the first person in India from pharmacy field to bag prestigious Chartered Scientist award (2012) from Royal Society of Chemistry, UK. He is the Fellow of Indian Chemical Society (1995), Fellow of Institution of Chemists, India (2003) and Fellow of Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (2011). He is the first person who has bagged Jewel of India award twice (2009 & 2014) from pharmacy field in India. He is the recipient of research grant (£2000) from Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (2009) and from AICTE, New Delhi (Rs.1400000/-) (2011-12) and travel grants from Royal Society of Chemistry, UK (£450) and AICTE, New Delhi (Rs.50800/-) for attending international conferences in Sheffield, UK and Florida, USA (2004 & 2008). His biography has been included in Marquis Who’s Who in the world, USA (2011) & Leading Educators of the World-2011 and Top 100 Educators-2011, UK. His field of expertise is on green chemistry synthesis of newer Mannich base & Schiff base derivatives of indan, oxadiazole, pyrazole, piperidinone, thiazolidine, dihydropyrimidine, azetidinone, quinazoline, quinoxaline, imidazole, benzimidazole, benztriazole, pyrazolo-triazine, tetrahydropyrimidine and caffeine derivatives having anti-inflammatory, sedative-hypnotic, antihypertensive, antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimalarial, antiviral, antifungal and antimicrobial property in the same molecule in synthetic field on molecular latentiation, bioisosterism and repository form of indan derivatives and their intramolecular Mannich base heterocyclic adducts and their pharmacological and toxicological activities and chromatographic separation of enantiomeric racemic mixtures of both acidic and basic properties. He has worked on COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitory effects of synthesized as well as herbal extracts including green chemistry synthesis in ionic liquid and kinetic studies.

Keywords : Jyothi sen, Bioisosterism and pharmacology

Author : Dr. Dhrubo Jyoti Sen

Title : Word making by linguistics of alphabets reflects on elemental catenation of periodic table to produce creativity

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 1-3

Antitumor, antiviral, and antimicrobial evaluations were performed on a novel series of acrylamide incorporated benzo[d]thiazole compounds. The structures of these compounds were confirmed by different spectral tools. Most of these compounds except compounds 6 and 7 have high to moderate antimicrobial activity through binding to sterol components of cells or alteration in cell permeability and cell death [1]. Concerning the antitumor activity, the two molecules 5 and 6 exhibit strong cytotoxic effects against human breast cancer (MCF7), human liver carcinoma (HEPG2), and prostate cancer (PC3). It is believed that the cytotoxic effect of these compounds was attributed to different cellular pathways including tyrosine kinase inhibition [2], tubulin polymerization inhibition, and cell death via apoptosis. On the other hand, they have showed less toxic effect against the normal HBF4 (normal melanocytes) cells. Antiviral assay was shown for all synthesized compounds. Compounds 4, 5, and 8 exhibit a promising antiviral activity against vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), while our lead compound 3 show the less viral inhibition in this series.

Keywords : 2-Cyanoacrylamide; Antiviral Activity; VSV; Cytotoxicity; MCF7; HEPG2; PC3; Antimicrobial test.

Author : Magda F. Mohamed, Aly F. Mohamed and Ismail A. Abdelhamid

Title : Antimicrobial, Sulphorhodamine (SRB) and Antiviral Evaluation of Cyanoacrylamide Derivatives

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 4-13

Triumfetta pentandra is used in African traditional medicine against diabetes mellitus, goiter and wounds. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute and subchronic oral toxicity of leaves aqueous extract of T. pentandra. In acute toxicity, mice received a single administration of T. pentandra (0, 1250, 2500 and 5000 mg/kg) and were observed for 7 days. In subchronic study, rats were fed daily with T. pentandra (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg/kg) for 28 days. Food and water intake were measured daily and relative body weigh were evaluated weekly. After 28 days, animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for determine, haematological and biochemical parameters. Relative organ weight and histological examinations were evaluated. There were no deaths as a result of acute toxicity, hence the LD50 > 5000 mg/kg. In subchronic toxicity study, decreased body weight in rats treated at 250 mg/kg was observed. The percentage of monocytes and platelets counts increased at 500 mg/kg and the percentage of granulocytes decreased at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg. Serum protein increased at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg. Renal clearance of creatinine decreased at 1000 mg/kg. Photomicrograph of the liver revealed a congestion of the central vein at the dose 1000 mg/kg. In conclusion, leaf aqueous extracts of T. pentandra may be considered as relatively safe.

Keywords : Triumfetta pentandra, leaves aqueous extract, acute and subchronic toxicity

Author : Sylvie Lea Wansi, Sylviane Laure Poualeu Kamani, David Miaffo, Yannick Tagne Simo, Zephyrin Fokam, Charlette Nangue, Albert Kamanyi

Title : Acute and subchronic oral toxicity assessment of leaves aqueous extract of Triumfetta pentandra (Tiliaceae) on mice and rats

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 14-22

L – Dopa (LD) oral administration for controlling Parkinson's disease (PD) motor symptoms at the later stage will become inefficient pharmacodynamically due to the motor deteriorations result from LD fluctuated pharmacokinetic parameters especially gastrointestinal absorption and short plasma half-life. The goal from this work was preparing LD loaded chitosan-based dry powder nanoparticles (LD-CSNPs) for pulmonary delivery and hence reducing the dose required and frequency of administration. By employing Box-Behnken experimental design (BBD) for optimizing the dependent variables that include; the particle size (PS) [Y1] and encapsulation efficiency (EE) [Y2] of LD NPs prepared from chitosan (CS) by ionotropic gelation method, at different combinations of independent variables that include; CS concentration [X1], chitosan/tripolyphosphate (CS/TPP) mass ratio [X2] and LD/CS mass ratio [X3]. Ultracentrifuge, dynamic light scattering and spectrophotometer were used to measure NPs EE, size and LD quantification respectively. The optimum conditions were determined by subsequent regression and multicriteria decision analyses of the output data. The independent variables had interactive effects and greatly affect both responses. The optimum conditions for NPs production are the CS concentration [X1] of 1.2-1.6 mg/ml, CS/TPP mass ratio [X2] of 6-7 and LD/CS mass ratio [X3] of 1.8-2, which yielded NPs with PS range between 243-266 nm and EE% range between 53-58%. The x-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) shows that LD low intense peak reveal it's dispersion in a homogenous pattern and hence its nature becomes amorphous within the carrier and the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra shows that no physicochemical interaction occurs between the LD and the carrier. Korsmeyer-Peppas model was the best to fit the in vitro release data, the non-Fickian (anomalous) diffusion was the mechanism of release and the Weibull 4 model was the best for dissolution data fitting where the curve of release was parabolic (b<1, case 3). This procedure has optimized the LD-CSNPs PS and EE.

Keywords : Parkinson's disease, L – Dopa, Dry powder inhalation, Box – Behnken design, Cross – linked chitosan nanoparticles

Author : A.A. Yas

Title : Preparation and characterization of L - Dopa loaded chitosan - based dry powder: Rescue / continuous supplement in Parkinson's disease via inhalation

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 23-36

The purpose of this study was to evaluate two common weeds causing detrimental effects in our environment. Erigeron bellidioides Benth. is a relatively unexplored plant causing a lot of distress and Lantana camara Linn. well established as a notorious weed in Nepal. Both the plants were studied for antibacterial activity against selected microorganisms and cytotoxic activity was also assessed. The plants were extracted in three solvents viz. hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol by soxhlet extraction. The extracts were subjected to antibacterial assay against two gram positive and two gram negative microorganisms using cup-diffusion method. The extracts possessing antimicrobial activity were then subjected to the determination of minimum inhibitory concentration. The cytotoxic activity was assessed by performing the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay. The present study therefore, lays out a basis for further research upon these plants

Keywords : Erigeron bellidioides, Lantana camara, Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay, antibacterial activity

Author : Nistha Shrestha, Sonu Rauniyar, Dharma Prasad Khanal, Bechan Raut, Prakriti Gautam and Sujyoti Shakya

Title : A study on antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of two common weeds

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 37-43

Self-medication and irrational antibiotic prescribing are major factors in emergence of antibiotic resistance. This study finds incidences of self-medications in Kathmandu city. This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted within duration of October to November 2012. First the checklist was prepared and information was collected from 25 pharmacies. Amoxicillin was found to be mostly used antibiotics. The study found that there is price differences among the antibiotics produced by National and Multinational Pharmaceuticals. These differences in the cost were not noticed by the public as well as the authorized levels. It showed that 56% of patients used antibiotics without prescription. The cost of medical consultation and low satisfaction with medical practitioners are related to self-medication. Though 92% of the respondents have bought full dose of antibiotics, 36% of the respondents have withdrawn to use antibiotics before the expected duration. People think that if the illness is recovered sooner than there is no need to continue medicine. The importance of completing the full course of antibiotics and taking the correct dose at the stated times, must be emphasized by the doctor prescribing the antibiotics and the pharmacist who dispenses them. Thus, unnecessary self-medication with antibiotics seems to be common in Kathmandu.

Keywords : Self-medication, Antibiotics, Cost

Author : Rojina Basnet, Sabyata Gautam and Madhusudan Subedi

Title : Status of over the counter buying and selling of antibiotics in Kathmandu Valley

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 44-53

An experiment was carried out on 135 day old Vencob straight run commercial broiler chicks for a period of 42 days (6 weeks). The chicks were randomly divided into three groups (n=45) of three replicates each. Untreated control group (T0) was fed standard basal diet without any supplement, treatment group T1 was supplemented with Ayucee premix at the rate of 100gm/tonne of feed from 0-42 days and treatment group T2 supplemented with synthetic ascorbic acid@100g/tonne of feed. Record of temperature were maintained on daily basis with mean maximum daily temperature of 39±2°C, relative humidity (RH) 82.57 ± 1.40 % (Recorded twice daily at a fixed time by hygrometer). Ayucee premix is a polyherbal formulation containing natural vitamin C and bioflavonoids, scientifically well known for their anti-oxidant and free radical scavenging activities. The mean live body weight (gm) at 6th week was significantly (P<0.05) improved in Ayucee supplemented group T1 birds (2503.66) as compared to control group (2385) and varied non significantly from synthetic ascorbic acid supplemented group T2 birds (2527.16). FCR on 42nd day was significantly (P<0.05) better in Ayucee supplemented group T1 birds (2.08) than synthetic ascorbic acid supplemented group T2 birds (2.12) and control group (2.25). Hematological and biochemical parameters, which were altered under stressful conditions, also improved in Ayucee supplemented group T1 birds.

Keywords : Antioxidant, broiler, stress, performance, hemato-biochemical

Author : Sandeep Rindhe, Shrinivas Uttamrao Suryavanshi, Kakasaheb Kalyanrao Khose, Kotagiri Ravikanth, Adarsh and Ankush Reothia

Title : Effect of Supplementation of Herbal Antistress Product and Synthetic Vitamin C on performance of broiler birds under physiological heat Stress

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 54-59

The adequate knowledge required for handling an emergency without hospital setting at the site of the accident or emergency may not be sufficient as most medical schools do not have formal first aid training in the teaching curriculum. The aim of this study is to assess the level of knowledge of medical students in providing first aid care. This cross sectional study was conducted during May 2011 among 152 medical students. Data was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Based on the scores obtained in each condition requiring first aid, the overall knowledge was graded as good, moderate and poor. Only 11.2% (17/152) of the total student participants had previous exposure to first aid training. Good knowledge about first aid was observed in 13.8% (21/152), moderate knowledge in 68.4% (104/152) and poor knowledge in 17.8% (27/152) participants. Analysis of knowledge about first aid management in select conditions found that 21% (32/152) had poor knowledge regarding first aid management for shock and for gastro esophageal reflux disease and 20.4% (31/152) for epistaxis and foreign body in eyes. All students felt that first aid skills need to be taught from the school level onwards and all of them were willing to enroll in any formal first aid training sessions. The level of knowledge about first aid was not good among majority of the students. The study also identified the key areas in which first aid knowledge was lacking. There is thus a need for formal first aid training to be introduced in the medical curriculum.

Keywords : First aid skills, Knowledge, Skills, Medical students

Author : G.K. Tripathi, Puneet Tripathi, Pratap Shankar, Sachin Tutu, Preet Lakhani, Amod Kumar Sachan, Rakesh Kumar Dixit

Title : Knowledge of first aid skills among undergraduate students of medical college in Lucknow

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 60-63

The purpose of the study is to explore the possible morphological features of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (brushite) crystals at a glass slide. The study was carried out on a glass slide under microscope to observe the growth patterns. As a result needle, platy, star shape, tetragonal bipyramidal shape crystals were observed. Different patterns of platy crystals like plates with spatial branches and radiating assemblage of platy crystals were also found.

Keywords : Brushite, calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate, crystallization, microscopic study, urolithiasis

Author : Salman Ahmed, Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan and Zafar Alam Mahmood

Title : In vitro microscopic study of calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate crystals growth patterns

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 64-67

Biopolymer Gellan Gum (GG) was made into insoluble composite bead using Bentonite (BT), a clay material. This insoluble composite formation was carried out using ionotropic gelation method where calcium chloride was a cross-linker to hold the organic polymer GG and inorganic material BT together. The composite (GG-BT) beads thus formed were used to study the adsorption behavior of cationic dye Methylene Blue (MB) from aqueous solution. The investigation incorporates initial dye concentrations (100-500 mg/L), contact time (15-45 minutes) and adsorbent dosage (25-100 mg) effects on adsorption process. It was observed that initial MB concentration of 500 mg/L showed maximum adsorption after 30 minutes contact time at adsorbent dosage of 25 mg. Maximum adsorption capacity was found to be 1140 mg/gm at room temperature. The experimental data’s were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich and BET models of adsorption isotherms. The adsorption data for MB, best fits to Langmuir isotherm at room temperature with coefficient of correlation (R2) value of 0.961. The results suggest that GG-BT beads provide a homogeneous surface for chemisorption of MB and irreversible in nature. Hence conclusion may be made that GG-BT composite can be utilized as adsorbent for MB and could be used in dye removal bioremediation application.

Keywords : Adsorption; Methylene blue; Gellan gum, Bentonite, Composite beads, Isotherms

Author : Kutub Ali, Purba De, Gouranga C. Bhowmik, Nilimanka Das

Title : Adsorption behavior of methylene blue onto gellan gum-bentonite composite beads for bioremediation application

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 68-72

A female patient of 56 years came to the Diabetic screening and counselling OPD of Ayurveda and Unani Tibbia college & hospital in February 2015 with chief complaints of increased frequency of micturition and burning sensation in urethra. On examination it was found that she had raised levels of blood sugar & pressure. She revealed about her irregular eating and sleeping patterns, along with non adherence to medicine. She was not obese and also did not have any family history of Diabetes/Hypertension. From this, it was inferred that psychosocial factors could be the reason behind non-adherence,. “Person centric integrated counselling technique” was used along with Ayurveda medicines. The patient underwent about six sessions of counselling and Ayurveda medicines for two months. She could attain normalcy in blood sugar and pressure levels. She could get relieved of urinary tract infection. No relapse of any of the problems was reported in the next six months’ follow-up after the regimen. It was concluded from the case that holistic approach of Ayurveda medicines along with “person centric integrated counselling’ can efficiently manage recurrent UTIs in Diabetic patients.

Keywords : Diabetes Mellitus,Urinary tract infection, “person centric integrated counselling technique”,non-adherence

Author : Dr. Nishi Arora

Title : Management of Recurrent urinary tract infection in diabetic patient with Ayurveda and counselling- Case study

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 73-75

A simple and sensitive stability indicating RP-HPLC method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of thiocholchicoside and etoricoxib in combined dosage forms. The separation of thiocholchicoside and etoricoxib was performed with the use of Hypersil BDS C18 column (250×4.6 mm;5μm particle size) and a mobile phase consisting of phosphate buffer(pH-3.4) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 35:65 v/v at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min with UV detection at 260nm. The retention times of thiocholchicoside and etoricoxib were found to be 2.83 and 6.92min respectively. The obtained validation results and statistical parameters for thiocholchicoside and etoricoxib in formulations were satisfactory and were according to ICH guidelines.

Keywords : Thiocolchicoside, Etoricoxib, RP-HPLC and ICH guidelines

Author : K. Padmavathi and M. Subba Rao

Title : Development and validation of a new stability indicating liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of thiocholchicoside and etoricoxib in combined dosage form

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 76-84

Today there are many different strategies stating High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method Development as well as RP-HPLC Technique [8-9]. This review describes strategies for the systematic Development of High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) methods. HPLC is an analytical tool which is able to detect, separate and quantify the drug, and its various impurities and drug related degradants that can form on synthesis or storage. It involves the detection of the purity of a drug substance and facilitates in the development of its analytical method and also the various factors affecting them[13]. A number of chromatographic parameters have been evaluated in order to optimize the methods in the analysis of method development in HPLC and RP-HPLC. An appropriate mobile phase, column, column temperature, wavelength and gradient are developed, suitability, compatibility and stability of drug as well as degradants and impurities should as well be evaluated appropriately. In analytical method development of a drug, drug along with its impurities can be quantified and interpreted [22]. Force degradation studies are helpful in development and validation of stability-indicating studies, determination of degradation pathways of drug substances and drug products, discernment of the degradation products in formulations that are related to drug substances versus those that are related to non–drug substances[25] (e.g. related substances, excipients).

Keywords : HPLC, method development, validation, related substances, force degradation

Author : Manasa Padma Meduri; Pooja Agarwal; G. Vimala; Nafiza Banu

Title : The development and validation studies of RP-HPLC method - A review

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 85-92

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are used as common medicine to treat various symptoms of arthritis. NSAIDs stop cells making prostaglandins and provide relief from pain and stiffness. They work quickly, usually within a few hours and are usually taken by mouth in tablet or capsule form. NSAIDs are also available as liquids, injections, creams, sprays and suppositories. These NSAIDs are structurally diverse and differ in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, but ultimately they share the same mode of action and cause serious cardiovascular side effects and complications. In this review, our group focused on various NSAIDs including its medicinal use and also showed the regulation of nitric oxide including its therapeutic effect in human and diminishes gastrointestinal toxicity. The nitric oxide releasing NSAIDS may be useful to treat wide variety of diseases like colitis, thrombosis, restenosis and bronchial asthma.

Keywords : non-steroidal anti-inflammatory; nitric oxide; human

Author : Amit Gupta, Ankit P Shah, Abhishek D Jambhale, V Choudhari, Sushama R Chaphalkar

Title : Non-steriodal anti-inflammatory drugs: Overview

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 93-100

A workshop has been conducted on basic skill of Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) among doctors and nursing staff in medical college. Theoretical aspect was explained through power point presentation whereas practical aspect was demonstrated through skill station. The results were analyzed by using an answer key prepared from BLS manual of American Heart Association (AHA). Out of 117 participants only three participants secured 80-90% marks in pretest whereas rest of secured less than 50% marks .Post workshop assessment was done with same question papers showed 70% candidates securing more than 80%. Hence BLS workshop is essential to improve knowledge and skill of CPR.

Keywords : BLS, Knowledge, CPR, Doctors, Nursing staff

Author : G.K. Tripathi, Puneet Tripathi, Pratap Shankar, Preet Lakhani, Sachin Tutu, Amod Kumar Sachan, Rakesh Kumar Dixit

Title : Current scenario: Knowledge of basic life support among doctors and nursing staff in medical college

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 101-103

Herb-drug interaction about Oral antidiabetic drugs is a challenging concept. Present work was designed with an objective to investigate any possible pharmacokinetic effect of herbal drug Piper cubeba Linn. on Pioglitazone, a commonly used antidiabetic agent. Since the MeOH-soluble fraction of the extract of Piper cubeba Linn fruit shows potent CYP3A4 inhibitory activity, it was speculated that the fruit extract may influence the bioavailability of Pioglitazone. In this experiment three groups (I, II & III) of Albino female wistar rats were used for pharmacokinetic study and the plasma levels were determined at various time points (0.5, 1, 2, 4, 8 and 24 h) by HPLC. The extract pretreatment increased AUC0-∞ (bioavailability) of Pioglitazone after oral administration by 72.5% suggesting decreased metabolism, which could be due to inhibition of CYP3A4. In conclusion, add-on preparations containing this fruit extract may increase the bioavailability of Pioglitazone, with increased efficacy and/or adverse events and hence should be cautiously used.

Keywords : Piper cubeba Linn, Pioglitazone, CYP3A4. Drug Interactions, Bioavailability.

Author : Mohammed Gayasuddin Mouid, Shakil Sait S, Kavimani S

Title : Effect of methanolic extract of Piper cubeba Linn. fruits on the pharmacokinetics of Pioglitazone in rats

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 104-109

Thiadiazoles occur in nature in four isomeric forms and it contain five membered ring system with two nitrogen and one sulphur atom. In this paper we have synthesized thiadiazole derivatives and confirmed their antimicrobial potential. In literature thiadiazole & their derivatives have been reported as antimicrobial, antiinflammatory, anti-tubercular, antidiabetic, diuretics, antidepressant, and anticonvulsant, anti-HIV & anticancer. Thiadiazoles are prepared with the help of benzoyl chloride and hydrazine and evaluated for antimicrobial activity against gram positive species Bacillus subtilis, S.pyogenes and gram negative species Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and for antifungal Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger species were used. In synthesized derivatives having substitution with strong electron withdrawing groups has highest activity than electron donating substituted compounds. Trimethoxy and dimethoxy thiadiazole parts have lowest activity than monomethoxy substituted compounds. It may be due to hindrance problem at the binding site. In all cases unsubstituted derivatives have moderate activity due to weak binding with the target site

Keywords : Thiadiazole, antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxicity.

Author : Amit Chawla, Payal Chawla, U.S. Baghel

Title : Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of 5-aryl-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-ylamine derivatives

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 110-114

Mouth dissolving films have emerged as an advanced alternative to the traditional oral solid drug delivery systems. Generally the films are prepared using hydrophilic polymers that dissolves or hydrate on the tongue or buccal cavity, releasing the drug for enhanced absorption. The present study was undertaken with the objective of formulating mouth dissolving film(s) of anti-emetic drug Domperidone maleate to impart immediate action and enhance the convenience and compliance by the patients specifically elderly and paediatric. The films were formulated by solvent casting method with different concentrations of HPMC 15cps, Methyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose as film forming polymers and glycerin as plasticizer. Prepared films were evaluated for their dissolution, disintegration, and physico-mechanical properties and short-term stability study. The formulations having polymers at low concentrations showed better results. Among these, formulation containing HPMC 15cps was found to show much superior film properties compared to Methyl Cellulose and Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose. HPMC based film showed the high drug dissolution (99.54% or more within 5 min), satisfactory in vitro disintegration time (85 sec) and physico-mechanical properties that are indicative of good mouth dissolving films.

Keywords : Mouth dissolving Film, Domperidone Maleate, HPMC, Methyl Cellulose, Hydroxy Ethyl Cellulose

Author : Deepak S Khobragade, Uday Bhasker Goud G, J. S. V. Prakash, Pranav Kumar A. V. R, G. R. Sreenivas Reddy, Mrunali Potbhre

Title : Formulation and evaluation of polymer based, rapid onset, patient friendly, oral film of domperidone maleate

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 115-122

In the present study, antifungal activity of Adathoda vasica was evaluated on six different fungal species by employing various concentrations of leaf extract (0.5-2.0mg). All the concentrations of leaf extract inhibited the fungal growth and maximum activity was observed at 2.0 mg concentration. Among different doses, the diameter of inhibition zone ranged from 0.5 to 1.6 cm in various fungal species and increased with the increase in the concentration of test solution. Among all the fungi, high inhibition zone were observed in Fusarium oxysporium (1.6cm) followed by Fusarium monilifarmae (1.5cm), Colletotrichum capsici (1.4cm) and Rhizoctinia (1.2cm). Alternaria (1.0cm) and Macrofomina (0.8cm) exhibited lower activity compared to other organisms.

Keywords : Antifungal activity, Agar bio-assay, zone of inhibition

Author : Erugu Shravya Puri, Ammanna Sabitha Rani and Govind sulakshana

Title : In vitro evaluation of antifungal activity of leaf extract of Adathoda Vasica

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 123-126

The conservation of traditional medicinal knowledge opens the door towards modern aspects of herbal drug discovery. It was started from knowledge exchange through ethnic groups by oral tradition and then in the documented form. Herbaria conserving identified and authenticated plants for future correspondence play an important role in this regard. In presenting review, authors have declared different auxiliary aspects of herbaria for phytomedicinal research.

Keywords : Herbaria, drug discovery, herbal drug.

Author : Salman Ahmedand Muhammad Mohtasheemul Hasan

Title : Importance of herbaria in herbal drug discovery

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 127-129

The aim of the present work is to utilize the nanotechnology for preparing stable nanoparticles that enhance the dissolution and hence the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble Itraconazole (ITZ). ITZ nanosuspensions were produced by nanoprecipitation method in the presence of surfactant (tween 80) and selected stabilizers (HPMC, PVP K 17 and Pluronic F 68) at different ratios with the drug. The nanosuspensions were evaluated for their physicochemical properties and drug content. The nanoparticles were prepared by lyophilization technique and characterized by morphology evaluation, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The optimized formulation showed an average particles size of 213.56 ± 19.58 nm and Zeta potential of -18.35 ± 2.55 mV. In vitro cumulative release from the nanosuspension was 85.64% at 60 min when compared to pure drug 35.52% and freeze dried nanoparticles 93.81%. Pharmacokinetic studies revealed that AUC(0–36) was increased by two folds when ITZ nanoparticles were administered orally compared with the market formulation (Sporanox®), which in turn increased the bioavailability. Thus, Nanoparticles seems to be a promising approach for increasing the dissolution and enhancement the bioavailability of ITZ.

Keywords : Itraconazole, Nanoprecipitation method, Stabilizer type, Nanosuspension, Bioavailability Study

Author : Hatem R. Ismail

Title : Preparation and Characterization of a Novel Preparation of Itraconazole Nanoparticles with Improved Dissolution and Bioavailability

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 130-140

Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide thus the disease constitutes a major health concern. The search for compounds with novel properties to deal with the disease condition is still in progress. This makes the use of experimental models for the disease imperative. Appropriate experimental models are considered as an essential tool for understanding the pathogenesis, complications, and genetic influences that increase the risks of type 2 diabetes. In recent years, large numbers of new genetically modified animal models including transgenic, generalized knock-out and tissue-specific knockout mice have been engineered for the study of diabetes. In this review our efforts have been devoted to gather the animal models of type 2 diabetes with reference to their characteristic features, underlying causes or mechanisms, advantages and disadvantages to the investigators in diabetes research.

Keywords : Animal models, Diabetes, mechanisms, Transgenic, knock-out

Author : Gitanjali Mishra, Prasanna Kumar Panda, Trilochan Satapathy

Title : Animal models for type 2 diabetes: A review

Volume/Issue : 2016;4(1)

Page No : 141-147