He is perusing Post Doctoral work at Department of Biochemistry, King George’s Medical University, Lucknow, India. He has expertise in areas of Free radical biology, Cancer biology, Characterization of plant products, Xenobiotic metabolism, and Microbiology. Dr. Kumar is familiar with many biochemical techniques such as Spectrophotometry, ELISA, Electrophoresis, PCR, RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, TLC, HPLC, LC-MS, Cell culture and Microbiological techniques. He has presented his research findings in more than 25 National/International Conferences and attended about 30 Workshop at the majority of major Universities and Medical Colleges throughout the India. Recent publications include the first time reporting of hepatoprotective and oxidative stress mitigative (in vitro and in vivo) effects of E. crassipes leaf extracts. Dr. Kumar is life time member of Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine, Indian Sciences Congress Association, India, and member of Publication Integrity & Ethics, London. Dr. Kumar has been awarded Indian Council of Medical Research, Rajiv Gandhi National Junior/Senior Research Fellowships formulated and funded by Ministry of Social Justice & Empowerment and Ministry of Tribal Affairs, and ICMR India respectively. Dr. Kumar did B.Sc. M.Sc. and PhD Biochemistry (2005-2014) from Department of Biochemistry, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India.

Keywords :

Author : Shashank Kumar

Title : Emerging trends in pharmaceutical sciences: An introduction to Nanotechnology

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1592-1593

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm arises from Bcr-Abl gene translocation (called Ph chromosome) in hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).JAK2V617F mutation is an acquired single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) occurs in JAK2 gene and is associated with many hematological malignancy other than CML. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of JAK2V617F mutation and serum levels of alkaline phophatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in Ph+ CML Iraqi patients treated with imatinib. Blood samples were collected from 42 Ph+ CML patients who have been received at least six month therapy with imatinib. DNA was extracted, and real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used for JAK2V617F detection. Serum levels of ALP and LDH were measured using ready kits. Five of 43 CML patients (11.62%) had heterozygous mutant allele of JAK2V617F mutation, with a concentration ranged from 0.01% to 0.12%. The prevalence of this mutation is more associated with male than female (OR=0.5, 95%CI=0.364-0.687). JAK2V617F-positive patients had higher average serum levels of ALP and LDH (146.05±8.028 IU/L and 204± 10.85 IU/L respectively) than that of JAK2V617F-negative patients (64.45±40.15 IU/L and 178.33±13.693 IU/L respectively with significant differences. JAK2V617F mutationcould occur in coexistence with Bcr-Abl transcript in CML patients, and serum levels of ALP and LDH can be used as indicators for this coexistence.

Keywords : CML, Bcr-Abl, JAK2V617F mutation, ALP, LDH, qPCR

Author : Istabraq A. Al-Husseiny and Essam F. Al-Jumaily

Title : Prevalence of JAK2V617F Mutation and Serum Levels of Alkaline Phosphatase and Lactate Dehydrogenase in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1594-1601

Human cytochromes present in lungs, plays an important role in the metabolic activation of chemical carcinogens, and in particular, is thought to be linked to lung cancer. The mechanism of carcinogenesis is related to the enzyme's ability to oxidize highly toxic compounds, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), to their carcinogenic derivatives. In order to better understand Cytochrome P450 (CYP) function, a homology model of this enzyme has been constructed with its isoforms CYP 1A1, CYP 1A2, and CYP 1B1. CYP substrates, such as benzo[a]pyrene [B(a)P], benzo[a]pyrene 7,8 dihydrodiol [B(a)P diol] and Retinoic acid (RA) were docked into the active site of the model, binding interactions and key amino acid residues able to interact with the substrate, have been identified. The analysis of enzyme-substrate interactions indicated that Vander wails, hydrogen and hydrophobic interactions are mainly responsible for binding of these substrates in the active site. CYP 1A1 and 1A2 shows the binding similarities comparing with CYP1B1. Key residues Ala and Gly in the position 317 and 318 play an important role both in procarcinogen activation and RA binding. Additionally, the binding free energy calculations were performed for the three substrates. Lower binding energy required for RA binding than procarcinogen activation. The obtained values were similar to those observed experimentally, which suggests that this approach might be useful for prediction of binding constants.

Keywords : Retinoic acid, Benzo(a)Pyrene, Benzo(a)Pyrene 7,8 dihydrodiol, Cytochrome P450 1A1, Cytochrome P450 1A2, Cytochrome P450 1B1.

Author : S. Bhagavathy and P. Sumathi

Title : Molecular docking of retinoic acid with cytochrome P450 isoforms CYP1A1, 1A2 and 1B1 – a potential drug target against carcinogen benzo(a)pyrene

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1602-1613

Aspartame (ASP) is a synthetic sweetener consumed by more than half the adult population in 75 countries. Its metabolites can be toxic, principally to the retina, and there are a few studies on the effect of aspartame use in the liver. The present study was designed to examine the ability of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and folic acid (FA),naturally occurring antioxidants, to attenuate ASP-induced hepatotoxicity in adult albino rats. Forty adult male Wistar rats, weighing 150-170 g, were randomly divided into four groups as follows: first group was given distilled water and served as control group I, Group II: received aspartame (ASP) dissolved in distilled water in a dose of 500 mg /kg. b.wt./day, Group III: received both NAC and FA dissolved in distilled water in a dose of 600 mg /kg b.wt./day and 12 mg/kg b.wt./day, respectively, and Group IV: Rats received and both NAC and FA dissolved in distilled water in a dose of 600 mg /kg b.wt./day and 12 mg/kg b.wt./day, respectively and aspartame (ASP).Administration of ASP at a dose level of500 mg/kg b.wt. to rats for 42 days significantly elevated the levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT),tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) and hepatic alphafetoprotein (AFP) activity which indicate injury to the liver function. Also, total cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) increased significantly. On the other hand ASP decreased serum protein, albumin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and liver glutathione (GSH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). While, ASP induced lipid peroxidation as indicated by markedly increased of malondialdehyde (MDA), these results reflects that ASP intoxication induced marked alterations in liver functions and caused liver atrophy. Combination of NAC (600 mg/kg b.wt.) and FA(12mg/kg b.wt), which administered 1h before ASP ameliorated the hepatotoxicity induced by ASP. This was evidenced by a significant reduction in serum ALT, AST, GGT, TNF-α and hepatic AFP activity and a significant restoration in serum protein, albumin, HDL, GSH and SOD. Also, MDA decreased significantly after treatment with combination of NAC and FA. These results indicate that combination of N-acetylcysteine and folic acid has a strong potential effect against Aspartame-induced damage to liver. This reflects the beneficial role of N-acetylcysteine and folic acid in treatment of liver injury.

Keywords : Aspartame, N-Acetylcysteine, Folic acid; Hepatotoxicity; Oxidative stress.

Author : Nora E. M. Shaheen and Magda S. H. Afifi

Title : The protective role evaluation of N-acetyl-cysteine and folic acid against aspartame-induced hepatotoxicity in albino rats

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1614-1619

Nephrotic syndrome is considered as a multi-factorial clinical condition characterized by increased glomerular permeability with massive consequent proteinuria. There is a variable tendency towards developing edema, hypoalbuminemia and hyperlipidaemia. The present study was conducted to evaluate the role of MIF G173C and TNF-α G308Agenes gene polymorphism in the nephrotic syndrome. We have investigated single nucleotide polymorphisms of MIF G173C and TNF-α G308Agenes in71 subjects. Forty-six were nephrotic patients while others were apparently healthy individuals used as a controls, then the serum level of TNF-α and IL-13 was detected by ELISA technique. The frequencies of MIF C-173C (13.04 vs 4.00%) genotypes and C allele (29.35vs 22.00%)were higher in nephrotic patients than control group while TNF-α A308A(21.74vs 0)genotypes and A allele(38.88vs10%) were significantly higher in patient than control groups and associated with higher mean serum concentration of TNF-α(668.33+27.60) versus (45.64+2.38) and IL-13(36.70+0.55) versus (2.72+0.22),in nephrotic patients than apparently healthy subjects. AA genotype with TNF- α -G308A allele polymorphism and CC genotype with MIF 173C allele are mainly expressed among nephrotic syndrome patients and susceptibility with disease might be prospected.

Keywords : Nephrotic syndrome, TNF-α, MIF, IL-13, Allele, Genotype, RFLP

Author : Manal M. Khadhim and Shaimaa Audah

Title : Macrophage migration inhibitory factor and some cytokine gene polymorphism in patient with nephrotic syndrome

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1620-1625

This paper reports the chemical and biological studies of two plants, Ximenia americana and C. arborea used by farmers in Benin in the treatment of animals gastrointestinal diseases. We noted in both samples, the presence of several secondary metabolites such as saponins, catechin tannins, mucilages, flavonoids, anthocyanins, reducing compounds, sterols and terpens. The total polyphenol content was higher in the aqueous extract of two plants than in ethanolic and hydroethanolic extracts. Those of aqueous extracts were respectively (6.419 ± 0.335) mg EA / g MS for X. americana trunk bark and (3.110±0.132) mg EA /g DM for C. arborea. The trunk bark extracts of X.americana have DPPH scavenging activities of 5µg / ml and 4μg / ml, betters than those of C. arborea. The ethanolic extract of this plant (X. americana) was more active (IC50=4μg/ml) than BHA (IC50= 4.8μg / ml) which was a synthetic antiradical. The results of antibacterial activity indicate that all extracts (ethanolic, hydroethanolic and aqueous) of the trunk bark of X. americana have inhibited strains of S. aureus, K. pneumoniae and S. typhi. The three extracts of this plant have showed a bactericidal activity against E. coli and aqueous extract also displayed a bactericidal one against K. pneumonia. S. typhi got a pronounced sensivity with ethanolic and aqueous extracts of trunk bark of C. arborea.

Keywords : Ximenia americana, Cussonia arborea, secondary metabolites, antiradical, bactericidal

Author : Koudoro Yaya Alain, Mahudro Yovo, Yehouenou Boniface, Agbangnan Dossa Cokou Pascal, Tchobo Fidèle Paul, Alitonou Guy Alain, Sohounhloue C. K. Dominique

Title : Chemical study, antiradical and antibacterial potential of the extracts of Ximenia americana and Cussonia arborea of Benin

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1626-1635

Hypertension is the principal driver of the cardiovascular disease epidemic in Africa and the major reason for the eventual development of complications is poor blood pressure control. In sub-Saharan Africa, poor funding, poverty and lack of awareness contribute to poor blood pressure control. To the best of our knowledge this is the first study from South East Nigeria to address blood pressure control in a hospital setting. The main objective of this study is to assess the control of hypertension in outpatients attending a tertiary hospital in Enugu South East Nigeria. This is a cross sectional study conducted in the medical out-patient clinic of the Enugu State University of Science and Technology Teaching Hospital (ESUTH) in Enugu, Enugu State, South East Nigeria. Two hundred and ten (102 women, 108 men) consenting subjects were recruited for the study. Seventy one (37.8%) were also diabetic and 22(10.5%) had stroke. The mean systolic blood pressure was 142.3±21.2mmHg (143.0±20.8mmHg women, 141.6±21.6mmHg men, p=0.64) and diastolic blood pressure was 84.3±13.6mmHg (83.2±13.5mmHg women, 85.5±13.3mmHg men p=0.25). Systolic blood pressure was normal (<140mmHg) in 34.5% of the subjects, (38.9% men, 29.4% women p=0.148.) Diastolic blood pressure was normal in 54.3%; (49.1% men, 59.8% in women. p=0.119.) Overall, blood pressure (SBP/DBP <140/90mmHg) was controlled in 28.1%of the subjects (women 23.5%, men 32.4%). p= 0.15. Hypertension remains poorly controlled among patients attending a tertiary health care facility in Enugu South East Nigeria. The growing prevalence of cardiovascular disease subsequent to poor blood pressure control calls for measures for increasing awareness and the need for complete adherence to medications.

Keywords : Hypertension; Antihypertensive drugs; Nigeria

Author : Ezeala-Adikaibe BA, Okafor H, Orjioke C, Okpara T, Aneke E, Chime P, Mbadiwe N, Nwosu N, Nwobodo N, Onyebeke G, Nwobodo M, Okudo G

Title : Blood pressure Control among Outpatients in Enugu. A report of the ESUT Medical Research Group

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1636-1641

The objective of the study is to analyze the treatment protocol of stress in Karachi, Pakistan. This is a survey based study of about 200 peoples of different age groups including both genders. This survey is conducted by asking different questions about awareness, prevalence, medicated and non-medicated treatment of stress. Statistical analysis shows the percentage of awareness, prevalence of stress in different age groups of both genders. It also shows the percentages of followers of medicated and non-medicated treatment. Result of this study revealed that the awareness of stress is well developed in Karachi’s people and show the high rate of prevalence. The followers of non-medicated treatment (84%) are greater than followers of medicated treatment (16%). Stress is a fact of life. Every one suffered from it in daily routine. Mostly peoples did not take any medication for it only geriatric patients follow medicated treatment. Most of the peoples do not understand severity of stress, so if it persists, can lead to others pathological conditions.

Keywords : stress, awareness, prevalence, treatment protocol

Author : Amber Nawab, Najaf Farooq, Faryal Ali

Title : Awareness, prevalence and medicated and non medicated treatment of stress in Karachi, Pakistan

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1642-1646

Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Disease; Synonyms: MNGIE Syndrome, Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Syndrome, Myoneurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy Syndrome, Thymidine Phosphorylase Deficiency; is characterized by progressive gastrointestinal dysmotility and cachexia manifesting as early satiety, nausea, dysphagia, gastroesophageal reflux, postprandial emesis, episodic abdominal pain and/or distention, and diarrhea; ptosis/ophthalmoplegia or ophthalmoparesis; hearing loss; and demyelinating peripheral neuropathy manifesting as paresthesias. The clinical diagnosis of MNGIE disease is based on the presence of severe gastrointestinal dysmotility, cachexia, ptosis, external ophthalmoplegia, sensorimotor neuropathy, asymptomatic leukoencephalopathy as observed on brain MRI, and family history consistent with autosomal recessive inheritance. Management is supportive and includes attention to swallowing difficulties and airway protection; dromperidone for nausea and vomiting; celiac plexus block with bupivicaine to reduce pain; bolus feedings, gastrostomy, and parenteral feeding for nutritional support; antibiotics for intestinal bacterial overgrowth; morphine, amitriptyline, gabapentin, and phenytoin for neuropathic symptoms; specialized schooling arrangements; and physical and occupational therapy.

Keywords : MNGIE - dysmotility – Syndrome – vomiting – Myoneurogastrointestinal.

Author : Hanan Abdel Hafez, Ahmed Cordie, Mohamed AbdAllah, Maha Hasaballah,Wafaa El Akel, Samar Darwish, Tamer El Baz, Aisha El Sharkawy, Hend Shousha, Rasha El Etreby, Ahmed Farag, Ahmed Safina, Ahmed El Henawi, Hany Salama, Amro Abdel Fatah, Maissa El Raziky, Iman Ramzy

Title : Mitochondrial Neurogastrointestinal Encephalopathy (MNGIE) Disease: a case Report of a rare Autosomal Recessive Inheretance with a poor Prognosis

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1647-1651

The present study was designed to determine the effect of protease enzyme extracted from Echis carinatus sochureki venom (So-called “Said Dakheel snake”) in two doses (0.05 and 0.1 ml/animal /day) on some biochemical parameters of normal and diabetic male rats. The process of enzyme purification was carried out by using techniques of gel filtration chromatography, dialysis and ion exchange chromatography. The treatment of normal and diabetic male rats with two doses of protease was found to cause a reduction in the glucose level compared with control group. Also, there was a significant decreasing (P<0.05) in concentrations of serum total protein, albumin and HDL, while there was a significant increasing in the concentrations of each of the MDA, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL, ALT, AST.

Keywords : Echis carinatus, Protease, Biochemical Parameters, Diabetes.

Author : Mohammed A. Aouda, Douaa A. Al-Shimmari

Title : Effect of protease extracted from Echis carinatus sochureki venom on some biochemical parameters of normal and diabetic male rats

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1652-1656

The chemical composition of the herb volatile oil, anthocyanins in red flower and fatty acids in seeds of Zinnia pauciflora, family Asteraceae, were studied. Oxygenated compounds were the major volatile oil principle (89.8%) including iso-phytol (38.29%), hexandecanoic acid (12.41%) and spathulenol (9.35%). The major hydrocarbon was heneicosane (0.42%). Two anthocyanins were isolated from red flowers, cyaniding-3-gluco-(4-malonyl)-rhamnoside and cyanidine-3-("4-malonyl)-arabinoside. Seed total lipoidal matter represented 7.5% and the major fatty acids; Linoleic acid (34.98%), palmitic acid (17.27%) and oleic (13.33%).

Keywords : Zinnia pauciflora, anthocyanins, fatty acids, volatile constituents.

Author : Hend E. Wahba, Hemaia M. Motawe, Abeer Y. Ibrahim

Title : Chemical Composition of Essential Oil, Anthocyanins and Fatty Acids of Zinnia Pauciflora

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1657-1663

Marrubium vulgare L. (white horehound) belongs to Lamiaceae family. The plant is formerly much esteemed in hepatic affections and in phthisism. This work was conducted to investigate hepatoprotective and therapeutic effects of Marrubium vulgare aqueous ethanolic and petroleum ether extracts on CCL4 induced liver cell toxicity in mice. The aerial parts of Marrubium vulgar were defatted and then were extracted with 70% aqueous ethanol. Liver and kidney functions, catalase activity as well as lipid peroxidation were measured. Silymarin in a recommended dose was used as a reference drug. Malonaldialdehyde concentration in Marrubium extracts treated mice was considerably decreased as compared to CCL4 or silymarin treated mice. Liver and kidney function parameters remained in the normal levels in extracts treated groups. Administration of Marrubium ethanolic extract significantly enhanced superoxide dismutase and catalase activity also total antioxidant capacity with significant reduction in lipidperoxide conc. when extract used as protective or therapeutic agents. Marrubium vulgare L extracts produced potent therapeutic activity than hepatoprotective activity and it was more effective than silymarin in two cases.

Keywords : Hepatoprotective, Antioxidant, Marrubium, CCL4, Therapeutic

Author : Faten M. Ibrahim, Abeer Y. Ibrahim, Elsayed A. Omer

Title : Potential Effect of Marrubium vulgare L. extracts on CCL4 model induced hepatotoxicity in albino mice

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1664-1670

In the present study, reliable, sensitive and efficient spectrophotometric methods for the determination of three quinolones, namely Ciprofloxacin (CP), Norfloxacin (NOR) and Nalidixic acid (NA) have been performed either in pure or in pharmaceutical dosage forms. The methods are based on the reaction of the studied drugs with diphenylamine sulphonate (DPAS) indicator in its oxidized form obtained by titration with potassium dichromate in sulfuric acid medium. For a first time, DPAS is used as an oxidant spectrophotometric self-indicator. It involved follow DPAS reactions with quinolones; where two reaction products are formed in two concentration ranges of each drug; and two mechanisms of reactions are involved. In the first reaction mechanism drugs reduce DPAS oxidant (violet form) and the concentrations are micro-determined by absorbance measurement at concentration ranges 11.6 – 92.9, 19.3– 154.3and 15.9– 127.7μgml-1andatλmax =545 -550 nm for NA, CIP and NOR respectively. In the second mechanism their concentrations are micro-determined via ion pair formation (brown form) after 30 min and measured at concentration ranges 2.3 – 9.3,1.9 – 15.4and 1.6– 12.7μgml-1andatλmax = 245, 280, and 285 nm for NA, CIP and NOR respectively. The results of two reaction mechanisms are compared and validated statistically by % recovery and SD values. The values of % recovery are found to be 99.98, 99.86, and 100.58 and those of SD are 0.33, 0.24, and 0.31in violet forms; while % recovery = 99.65, 99.7 and 99.95; SD = 0.011, 0.012 and 0.032in brown forms for CIP, NA and NOR respectively. The robustness and ruggedness of the results obtained by the second mechanism are checked by inter and intra-days results. The whole results obtained by the two mechanisms are also found to be in good agreement with those given by the official methods as confirmed by F- and t- tests.

Keywords : Quinolones, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Nalidixic acid, Diphenyl amine sulfonate (DPAS), Spectrophotometric methods

Author : Zayed M. A and Belal R. M

Title : Spectrophotometric micro-determination of three quinolones antibacterial drugs in pure and in pharmaceutical dosage forms by reactions with diphenylamine sulphonate redox indicator

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1671-1679

Medicinal compounds of Althaea officinalis L. were increased In Vitro by using UV light (0, 10, 20, 30, 40) min. then analysis by HPLC technique. The results reported that medicinal compounds had high significant in the most of these compounds.

Keywords : Althaea officinalis L., UV, medicinal compounds

Author : Hashim K. Mohammed Al-oubaidi, Baan Munim Abdulrazzaq Twaij, Aseel Salih Mohammed-Ameen

Title : Effect of (UV) light on production of medicinal compounds of Althaea officinalis L. in vitro

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1680-1686

Phytochemical consisting of phenols and flavonoid possess antioxidant properties, which are useful to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS).The present study was conducted to evaluate antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of roots of Randia uliginosa, using DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) scavenging assay, cupric reducing antioxidant capacity, nitric oxide scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power, total antioxidant capacity, determination of total phenol and flavonoid contents and disc diffusion technique. Preliminary phytochemical study revealed the presence of alkaloid in the extracts. The tested fraction showed significant antioxidant activities in the assay compared to the reference ascorbic acid in a dose dependent manner. In DPPH radical scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the crude chloroform extract was 399.12 μg/mL, whereas IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 8.77 μg/mL. In case of nitric oxide scavenging assay, the IC50 value of the crude chloroform extract was 58.27 μg/mL, whereas IC50 value for the reference ascorbic acid was 51.07 μg/mL. Moreover, at 200 μg/mL extract concentration, lower grade total antioxidant activity (36.27±1.39 mg/g equivalent to ascorbic acid) was observed. Furthermore, extract showed good cupric reducing power and reducing power capability. In addition, significant amount of flavonoids and low phenols content were obtained from the extract. In case of antimicrobial activity studied using different solvent like methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether against bacterial strains like Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, P.aeruginosa, E.coli, S.typhi, Serratia spp. and P.mirrabilis. Varying concentration of each extracts 100 mg/ml, 50 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml prepared by using disc diffusion method. Among all the extracts used, methanol extract was found to be highly active against the entire organism when compared with amoxicillin 25 mg/ml. The results suggest that Randia uliginosa can be used as a medicament for various infections.

Keywords : Extracts, antioxidant, microorganisms, DPPH, nitric oxide, flavonoid

Author : Md. Solayman Hossain, Mir Monir Hossain, Sinthia Zaman, Milon Mondal, Md. Sohel Rana

Title : Phytochemical screening, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of leaf extracts of Randia uliginosa

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1687-1696

Standardization of the Polyphyto formulations is important for determining the quality of drugs, based on the concentration of their active constituents, physical and chemical standards. This article reports on standardization of a Polyphyto mixture used as anti‐diabetic. Specific morphological parts of the plants were used in the Polyphyto mixture. Polyphyto mixture has been standardized on the basis of Organoleptic properties, physical characteristics, and physicochemical properties.

Keywords : Standardization, Polyphyto, Anti‐diabetic, Organoleptic, Physicochemical, fluorescence

Author : Anuj Nautiyal, N.V. Satheesh Madhav, S. Bhattacharya, S.N. Uniyal

Title : Phytochemical screening and standardization of polyphyto mixture for diabetes

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1697-1701

Seasonal variation in antibacterial activity of the leaves of Amaranthus spinosus L. was studied against four Gram - positive bacteria viz. Bacillius subtilis, Bacilus megaterium, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes as well as four Gram- negative bacteria like Escherichia coli, Shigella dysenteriae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhi. Disc diffusion technique was used for in vitro antibacterial screening. Results showed that leaves of Amaranthus spinosus L. of the period May – June had maximum in vitro antibacterial activity.

Keywords : Antibacterial activity, Amaranthus spinosus L., seasonal variation, disc diffusion technique, zone of inhibition

Author : Prasanta Kumar Mitra

Title : In-vitro antibacterial activity of leaves of Amaranthus spinosus L.: Seasonal variation

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1702-1706

Seasonal variation in the effect of Ageratum conyzoides L. leaves on anti tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats was studied. Results showed that A.conyzoides L. leaves during the months of July and August had maximum protective effect against anti tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats.

Keywords : Ageratum conyzoides L., hepatotoxicity, anti tubercular drugs

Author : Prasanta Kumar Mitra

Title : Seasonal variation in hepatoprotective activity of Ageratum conyzoides L. leaves on anti tubercular drugs induced hepatotoxicity in rats

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1707-1711

In the present study oxazolone derivatives were prepared with substitution of amine propanol side chain at position 4 of 2-phenyl-5-oxazolones. The synthesized compounds were characterized on basis of spectral studies and explored for cardioprotective effect. Substituted oxazolone derivatives have been prepared by condensation of hipuric acid with p-amino benzaldehyde in presence of ethanol, acetic anhydride and sodium acetate.the prepared intermediate fused with epichlorhydrin moiety to synthesize 4-[2-(oxiran-2-yl methylamino)benzylidene]-2-phenyloxazol-5-(4H)-one. Then five different amino derivatives (VIA-VIE) were synthesized. Furthermore, the synthesized compounds were evaluated for cardioprotective activity. The structures of the synthesized compounds were assigned on the basis of UV, IR, and 1H NMR data. The synthesized compounds were at dose level of 50 mg/kg body weight screened for cardioprotective activity and compared to standard ramipril at dose level of 1 mg/kg body weight. From the above studies it could be concluded that condensed product oxazolone and amino propanol showed significant (P<0.05) cardioprotective effect.

Keywords : Heterocycles, Oxazolone, Cardioprotective, Spectroscopy, Ramipril

Author : Yogita Dobhal, Ravikant Rawat, Versha Parcha, Rahul Sharma and Richa Chaudhary

Title : Design, synthesis and evaluation of phenyl oxazolone derivatives as cardioprotective drugs

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1712-1722

Medicinal plants of Indian origin play a significant role in treating a broad spectrum of human diseases. With the increase in awareness about the side effects associated with the modern medicines, natural products seem a reliable alternate that’s considered safe and effective. The present study investigates the phytochemical screening and analysis of Cassia alata leaf extract against hyperpigmentation of skin due to spray allergy and under eye darkness. The present study reveals the efficacy of hydroethanolic extract of Cassia alata applied to under eye dark circles and hyper pigmented under arms due to regular usage of body spray. The results obtained are highly promising on regular application twice a day for 20 days. Visible difference is observed within one week of application and normal skin color is obtained within a month’s time.

Keywords : Hyperpigmentation, phytochemical, Cassia alata, skin allergy.

Author : J. Meenupriya, A. Sahaya Vinisha and P. Priya

Title : Phytochemical screening and bioassay of Casssia alata leaf extract to study its skin hyperpigmentation activity

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1723-1727

In this developed era with escalating health complications there are number of new drugs breaching the market. Post market clinical trials revealed that many drugs available in the market cause adverse effects. Regulatory authorities recall those defective drugs in the market based on the guidelines framed by the regulatory authorities of respective countries. In USA, guidelines for pharmaceutical product recall are described under 21 CFR Parts 7, 107 and 1270. In India, references for pharmaceutical product recalls, complaint and adverse reactions are mentioned in Para 27, 28 of Schedule M and conditions of license for defective product recall in Rule 74(j) and Rule 78(i) and banned drugs under 26A of the Drugs and Cosmetics Act, 1940 and Rules. In this paper we discussed about recall procedure of pharmaceutical products and comparative study in USA and India.

Keywords : Recall, Regulatory Guidelines, Procedure.

Author : Pasumarthy N. V. Gopal, Pichukala Anusha, T. Lakshmi, M. V. Nagabhushanam, D. Nagarjuna Reddy

Title : Contingent analysis and evaluation of pharmaceutical product recall procedure of USA and India

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1728-1735

The present investigation was aimed to evaluate the phytochemicals and invitro antioxidant activity of Plumeria alba L. Phytochemicals were analysed in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of flowers and leaves by qualitative method and the result confirmed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids, flavonoids, amino acids, volatile oils, tannins and phenolic compounds etc., The invitro antioxidant property of aqueous and ethanolic extract of both parts of Plumeria alba L. were evaluated using total antioxidant capacity, reducing power assay, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity and nitric oxide scavenging activity. Among all the extracts, ethanolic flower extract showed highest antioxidant activity than other extracts. All the results were compared with standard ascorbic acid. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of Plumeria alba L. flower possess high antioxidant activity which may be due to presence of high content of various phytochemicals.

Keywords : Phytochemical, Antioxidant, Plumeria alba L.

Author : S. Nisha and G. Prasanna

Title : Comparative study on in-vitro antioxidant activity of flowers and leaves of Plumeria Alba L.

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1736-1740

The hydroalcoholic extract of leaves of Valeriana jatamansi was investigated for anthelmintic activity using adult earthworms (Pheretima posthuma) and roundworms (Ascaridia galli). Various concentrations (100, 200, 400 mg/ml) of plant extract were used in the present study. Albendazole (10 mg/ml) was used as reference standard drug. Paralysis time and death time of the worms were recorded to assess the anthelmintic activity. Anthelmintic activity was noted at all the concentration (100, 200, 400 mg/ml). However, the hydroalcoholic extract exhibited anthelmintic activity at highest concentration of 400 mg/ml for both the worms. The result shows that hydroalcoholic extract possesses wormicidal activity and found to be effective as an anthelmintic may be due to presence of phenols as revealed in the phytochemical screening.

Keywords : Valeriana jatamansi, Phytochemical Screening, Earthworm, Roundworm and Antihelmintic

Author : Manjinder Kour, Harsimran Singh, Jagdeep Kaur

Title : Anthelmintic Activity of Hydroalcoholic Extract of Leaves of Valeriana Jatamansi

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1741-1745

A novel series of 6-aryl substituted 3-(4-tert-butylbenzyl)[1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-a]phthalazines(6a-g) have been synthesized and characterized by spectral analysis and evaluated for their in-vitro cytotoxicity against a panel of five human cancer cell lines by MTT method. Results showed that these compounds selectively induced cell viability towards human breast cancer lines over the other cancer cell lines tested and compound 6g exhibited good anticancer activities compared to 5-fluorouracil (standard used) against MCF-7 (Breast) cell lines with IC50 value 16.5 ± 0.4µM.

Keywords : Triazolophthalazine, Cytotoxic activity, Suzuki reaction, Boronic acids.

Author : Ningaraddi S. Belavagi, Narahari Deshapande, Manjunath G. Sunagar, Supreet Gaonkar and Imtiyaz Ahmed M. Khazi

Title : Design, synthesis, characterization and anticancer activities of novel 3-(4-tert-butyl benzyl) [1,2,4] triazolo[3,4-a] phthalazine derivatives

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1746-1752

Herbal medicines are the major remedy in traditional system of medicine and they are used in medical practices since antiquity. In addition to its ancient historical uses, Acrostichum aureum is used in several systems of medicine for a variety of ailments. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the presence of various phytochemicals from the petroleumether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and methanol extracts of Acrostichum aureum whole plant. The four different extracts from whole plant were found to contain triterpinoids, steroids, glycosides, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins. The generated data from the four different extracts of Acrostichum aureum whole plant provided the basis for its wide uses in the traditional & folk medicines.

Keywords : Acrostichum aureum, Phytochemicals, Folk medicines, Ailments.

Author : Raja S and Ravindranadh K

Title : Preliminary phytochemical screening of different solvent extracts of whole plant of Acrostichum aureum

Volume/Issue : 2014;2(12)

Page No : 1753-1759